Network Working Group S. Legg Request for Comments: 4912 eB2Bcom Category: Experimental July 2007 Abstract Syntax Notation X (ASN.X) Status of This Memo This memo defines an Experimental Protocol for the Internet community. It does not specify an Internet standard of any kind. Discussion and suggestions for improvement are requested. Distribution of this memo is unlimited. Copyright Notice Copyright (C) The IETF Trust (2007). Abstract Abstract Syntax Notation X (ASN.X) is a semantically equivalent Extensible Markup Language (XML) representation for Abstract Syntax Notation One (ASN.1) specifications. ASN.X completely avoids the numerous ambiguities inherent in the ASN.1 language; therefore, specifications written in ASN.X are much easier to parse and manage than original ASN.1 specifications. ASN.X, together with the Robust XML Encoding Rules (RXER), constitutes a schema language for XML documents that offers, through other ASN.1 encoding rules, alternative compact binary encodings for XML instance documents. Legg Experimental [Page 1] RFC 4912 Abstract Syntax Notation X July 2007 Table of Contents 1. Introduction ....................................................4 2. Conventions .....................................................5 3. General Considerations ..........................................6 3.1. Annotations ................................................7 4. ModuleDefinition Translation ....................................8 5. Translation of Assignments .....................................11 5.1. Referencing Named Constructs ..............................11 5.2. Importing Namespaces ......................................12 5.3. TypeAssignment Translation ................................14 5.4. ValueAssignment and XMLValueAssignment Translation ........14 5.5. ValueSetTypeAssignment Translation ........................15 5.6. ObjectClassAssignment Translation .........................15 5.7. ObjectAssignment Translation ..............................16 5.8. ObjectSetAssignment Translation ...........................16 5.9. ParameterizedAssignment Translation .......................17 6. Translation of Types ...........................................17 6.1. Identifier Replacement ....................................17 6.2. DefinedType Translation ...................................18 6.3. Translation of Built-in Types .............................20 6.4. BitStringType Translation .................................21 6.5. IntegerType Translation ...................................22 6.6. EnumeratedType Translation ................................24 6.7. PrefixedType Translation ..................................25 6.7.1. Short Form TaggedType Translation ..................28 6.7.2. Long Form TaggedType Translation ...................29 6.8. SelectionType Translation .................................30 6.9. InstanceOfType Translation ................................31 6.10. ObjectClassFieldType Translation .........................31 6.11. TypeFromObject and ValueSetFromObjects Translation .......32 6.12. Translation of Combining Types ...........................32 6.12.1. NamedType Translation .............................32 6.12.2. SequenceType Translation ..........................36 6.12.3. SetType Translation ...............................38 6.12.4. ChoiceType Translation ............................39 6.12.5. Translation of UNION Types ........................40 6.12.6. SequenceOfType Translation ........................41 6.12.7. Translation of LIST Types .........................42 6.12.8. SetOfType Translation .............................42 6.12.9. Effect of Insertion Encoding Instructions .........43 6.13. Translation of Constrained Types .........................43 6.13.1. Constraint Translation ............................46 6.13.2. UserDefinedConstraint Translation .................46 6.13.3. TableConstraint Translation .......................47 6.13.4. ContentsConstraint Translation ....................49 6.13.5. ExceptionSpec Translation .........................50 Legg Experimental [Page 2] RFC 4912 Abstract Syntax Notation X July 2007 7. Translation of Values ..........................................51 7.1. Translation of Literal Values .............................53 7.2. Translation of Notational Values ..........................54 7.2.1. DefinedValue Translation ...........................56 7.2.2. BuiltinValue Translation ...........................57 7.2.3. ValueFromObject Translation ........................60 7.2.4. ObjectClassFieldValue Translation ..................60 8. Translation of Value Sets ......................................61 8.1. ElementSetSpecs Translation ...............................62 8.2. ElementSetSpec Translation ................................62 8.3. SubtypeElements Translation ...............................63 8.3.1. ValueRange Translation .............................64 8.3.2. InnerTypeConstraints Translation ...................65 9. Translation of Object Classes ..................................66 9.1. DefinedObjectClass Translation ............................66 9.2. ObjectClassDefn Translation ...............................68 9.2.1. TypeFieldSpec Translation ..........................68 9.2.2. FixedTypeValueFieldSpec Translation ................69 9.2.3. FixedTypeValueSetFieldSpec Translation .............70 9.2.4. VariableTypeValueFieldSpec Translation .............71 9.2.5. VariableTypeValueSetFieldSpec Translation ..........73 9.2.6. FieldName Translation ..............................74 9.2.7. ObjectFieldSpec Translation ........................75 9.2.8. ObjectSetFieldSpec Translation .....................76 10. Translation of Objects ........................................77 10.1. DefinedObject Translation ................................77 10.2. ObjectDefn Translation ...................................78 10.3. ObjectFromObject Translation .............................80 11. Translation of Object Sets ....................................80 11.1. DefinedObjectSet Translation .............................81 11.2. ObjectSetElements Translation ............................82 11.2.1. ObjectSetFromObjects Translation ..................83 12. Translation of Information From Objects .......................83 13. Translation of Parameterized Definitions ......................83 14. EncodingControlSections Translation ...........................93 15. Security Considerations .......................................94 16. Acknowledgements ..............................................94 17. References ....................................................95 17.1. Normative References .....................................95 17.2. Informative References ...................................97 Appendix A. ASN.1 for ASN.X .......................................95 Appendix B. ASN.X for ASN.X ......................................115 Legg Experimental [Page 3] RFC 4912 Abstract Syntax Notation X July 2007 1. Introduction A full parser for the Abstract Syntax Notation One (ASN.1) language [X.680][X.680-1][X.681][X.682][X.683] is difficult to implement due to numerous ambiguities in the notation. For example, certain notations for a Value are syntactically indistinguishable from notation for a ValueSet, Object, ObjectSet, DummyReference, or SimpleTableConstraint. An ObjectClassAssignment, ObjectAssignment, or ObjectSetAssignment resembles respectively a TypeAssignment, ValueAssignment, or ValueSetTypeAssignment. A FixedTypeValueFieldSpec or FixedTypeValueSetFieldSpec resembles respectively an ObjectFieldSpec or ObjectSetFieldSpec, and an ObjectClassFieldType resembles InformationFromObjects notation. In general, such ambiguities can only be resolved once the entire specification has been parsed. There are other notations that are not mutually ambiguous but still require several lexical tokens to be scanned before they can be distinguished from each other. The difficulty of parsing ASN.1 is an impediment to its wider adoption. This document defines a semantically equivalent Extensible Markup Language (XML) [XML10][XML11] representation for ASN.1 specifications called Abstract Syntax Notation X (ASN.X). An ASN.X module is a well-formed and valid XML document conforming to XML namespaces [XMLNS10][XMLNS11]. ASN.X completely avoids the inherent ambiguities of the ASN.1 language; therefore, specifications written in ASN.X are much easier to parse and manage than original ASN.1 specifications. For example, any conformant XML processor forms the basis of an ASN.1 toolkit. ASN.X, together with the Robust XML Encoding Rules (RXER) [RXER], constitutes a schema language for XML documents that offers, through other ASN.1 encoding rules, alternative compact binary encodings for XML instance documents conforming to an ASN.X specification. ASN.X definitions can also incorporate type, element, and attribute definitions from XML Schema [XSD1] documents, RELAX NG [RNG] documents, or Document Type Definitions (DTDs) [XML10][XML11]. ASN.X is defined in terms of rules for translating from an ASN.1 specification. This does not preclude an ASN.X module being written directly without a pre-existing ASN.1 module; however, such an ASN.X module is considered valid if and only if there exists, in principle, an ASN.1 module that when translated would yield the ASN.X module. The format for ASN.X has also been designed so that the content of an ASN.X module conforms to the RXER encoding of an abstract value of an ASN.1 type, the ModuleDefinition type, presented in Appendix A. This means that it is possible to decode an ASN.X module using an RXER decoder and then re-encode the abstract value (for storage or Legg Experimental [Page 4] RFC 4912 Abstract Syntax Notation X July 2007 transmission) using any of the other encoding rules for ASN.1. Thus, the "X" in ASN.X can be regarded as standing for either XML or RXER, or more generally, for any set of ASN.1 encoding rules. The ASN.X translation of the ASN.1 module in Appendix A is presented in Appendix B. 2. Conventions The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT", "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", and "MAY" in this document are to be interpreted as described in BCP 14, RFC 2119 [BCP14]. The key word "OPTIONAL" is exclusively used with its ASN.1 meaning. Throughout this document "type" shall be taken to mean an ASN.1 type, and "value" shall be taken to mean an ASN.1 abstract value. A reference to an ASN.1 production [X.680] (e.g., Type, NamedType) is a reference to the text in an ASN.1 specification corresponding to that production. The description of the translation of an ASN.1 module into an ASN.X module makes use of definitions from the XML Information Set (Infoset) [INFOSET]. In particular, information item property names follow the Infoset convention of being shown in square brackets, e.g., [local name]. Literal values of Infoset properties are enclosed in double quotes; however, the double quotes are not part of the property values. In the sections that follow, "information item" will be abbreviated to "item", e.g., "element information item" is abbreviated to "element item". Element items will be referred to by their [local name] in angle brackets, e.g., "the element item" means the element item with the [local name] "type". Attribute items will be referred to by their [local name], e.g., "the type attribute item" means the attribute item with the [local name] "type". This document uses the namespace prefix "asnx:" to stand for the namespace name "urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:asnx", though in practice any valid namespace prefix is permitted in ASN.X. Encoding instructions [X.680-1] referenced by name in this specification are encoding instructions for RXER [RXEREI]. The associated provisions do not apply to encoding instructions for other encoding rules that happen to have the same name. Code points for characters [UNICODE] are expressed using the Unicode convention U+n, where n is four to six hexadecimal digits, e.g., the space character is U+0020. Legg Experimental [Page 5] RFC 4912 Abstract Syntax Notation X July 2007 3. General Considerations ASN.X is defined in terms of rules for translating an ASN.1 module into a synthetic Infoset. This synthetic Infoset is then serialized into a well-formed and valid XML document (the ASN.X module) in the same manner that the synthetic Infoset for a non-canonical RXER encoding is serialized into an XML document (see Section 6.12 of the specification for RXER [RXER]). Aside: The serialization permits CDATA sections, character references, and parsed entity references. However, note that an ASN.X module may be transferred as data in a protocol and that some protocols disallow entity references. Apart from the [document element] of the document item for an ASN.X module, the translation of some ASN.1 construct belongs to the [children] or [attributes] of an enclosing element item. Where the translation of the construct is an element item, it is appended to the [children] of the enclosing element item. Elements MUST be appended to the [children] of the enclosing element item in the order described. Translators MAY add white space character items (i.e., U+0020, U+0009, U+000D and U+000A) to the [children] of any element item (to improve the layout) except element items with the [local name] "literalValue", "fieldName", or "restrictBy". Aside: White space in the [children] of and element items is explicitly covered under their respective descriptions. Where the translation of the construct is an attribute item, it is added to the [attributes] of the enclosing element item. The order of attribute items is not significant. Translators MAY add leading and trailing white space characters to the [normalized value] of any attribute item except an attribute item with the [local name] "literalValue". Aside: An attribute or element item with the [local name] "literalValue" holds an RXER Infoset translation of an abstract value, and white space characters may be significant in that abstract value. In most cases, RXER itself permits optional leading and trailing white space characters in the Infoset translation. Translators MAY add comment and processing instruction (PI) items to the [children] of any element item except an element item with the [local name] "literalValue". Legg Experimental [Page 6] RFC 4912 Abstract Syntax Notation X July 2007 Aside: In most cases, RXER itself permits comment and PI items in the [children] of the element items with the [local name] "literalValue". Aside: Note that an ASN.X module may be transferred as data in a protocol and that some protocols disallow processing instructions. The [in-scope namespaces] and [namespace attributes] for and element items are determined according to Section 6.10 of the specification for RXER [RXER]. The [in-scope namespaces] and [namespace attributes] for other element items in the translation are determined according to Section 6.2.2.1 of the specification for RXER. The [namespace name] of any element item or attribute item generated by the translation from an ASN.1 specification has no value unless specified otherwise. In those cases where the [namespace name] of an element item has a value, the [prefix] of the element item is determined according to Section 6.2.2.2 of the specification for RXER. In those cases where the [namespace name] of an attribute item has a value, the [prefix] of the attribute item is determined according to Section 6.2.3.1 of the specification for RXER. Aside: Non-canonical RXER allows all valid namespace prefixes and all valid placements for their corresponding namespace declaration attributes. Whenever an element item is added to the [children] of an enclosing element item, the enclosing element item becomes the [parent] of the element item. Whenever an attribute item is added to the [attributes] of an element item, the element item becomes the [owner element] of the attribute item. For each attribute item, the [specified] property is set to true, the [attribute type] has no value, and the value of the [references] property is set to unknown. 3.1. Annotations In a number of places, as indicated in subsequent sections, the translator is permitted to add an element item with the [local name] "annotation". The [children] and [attributes] of the element item are at the discretion of the translator. Typical uses of the element item would be to hold comments from the ASN.1 specification that are normative in nature, e.g., a comment in a user-defined constraint, or to hold directives for an ASN.1 compiler. Legg Experimental [Page 7] RFC 4912 Abstract Syntax Notation X July 2007 Free text or XML comments in an element will be preserved in a Canonical RXER (CRXER) encoding [RXER] (because the corresponding ASN.1 type for the element item is the Markup type [RXER]), while XML comments outside elements will not be preserved. Vendors using the element items to hold ASN.1 compiler directives (as attributes or child elements of the element) SHOULD use element or attribute names that are qualified with a namespace name specific to the vendor. 4. ModuleDefinition Translation The translation of a ModuleDefinition [X.680] (an ASN.1 module) is an element item with the [local name] "module" and the [namespace name] "urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:asnx" (i.e., an element item). The element item is typically the [document element] of a document item. An attribute item with the [local name] "format" and [normalized value] "1.0" MAY be added to the [attributes] of the element item. An ASN.1 module has a schema identity URI if it contains a SCHEMA-IDENTITY encoding instruction, in which case the schema identity URI is the character string specified by the AnyURIValue of the SCHEMA-IDENTITY encoding instruction. If the ASN.1 module being translated has a schema identity URI, then an attribute item with the [local name] "schemaIdentity" SHALL be added to the [attributes] of the element item. The [normalized value] of this attribute item is the schema identity URI of the module. If the target namespace [RXEREI] for the ASN.1 module is not absent, then an attribute item with the [local name] "targetNamespace" SHALL be added to the [attributes] of the element item. The [normalized value] of this attribute item is the target namespace of the module. Aside: An ASN.1 module has a target namespace if it contains a TARGET-NAMESPACE encoding instruction. If the ASN.1 module contains a TARGET-NAMESPACE encoding instruction that specifies a Prefix, then an attribute item with the [local name] "targetPrefix" SHALL be added to the [attributes] of the Legg Experimental [Page 8] RFC 4912 Abstract Syntax Notation X July 2007 element item. The [normalized value] of this attribute item is the character string specified by the NCNameValue in the Prefix. In examples in the remainder of this document, the namespace prefix "tns:" is used to stand for the target namespace of the module being translated. An attribute item with the [local name] "name" SHALL be added to the [attributes] of the element item. The [normalized value] of this attribute item is the modulereference in the ModuleIdentifier in the ModuleDefinition. If the DefinitiveIdentifier in the ModuleIdentifier in the ModuleDefinition is not empty, then an attribute item with the [local name] "identifier" SHALL be added to the [attributes] of the element item. The [normalized value] of this attribute item is the RXER character data translation [RXER] of the DefinitiveIdentifier. If the TagDefault in the ModuleDefinition is empty, then an attribute item with the [local name] "tagDefault" and [normalized value] "explicit" SHALL be added to the [attributes] of the element item. If the TagDefault in the ModuleDefinition is not empty and the first keyword in the TagDefault is not "AUTOMATIC", then an attribute item with the [local name] "tagDefault" SHALL be added to the [attributes] of the element item. The [normalized value] of this attribute item is the first keyword in the TagDefault with all letters downcased, i.e., "explicit" or "implicit". If the TagDefault in the ModuleDefinition is not empty and the first keyword in the TagDefault is "AUTOMATIC", then an attribute item with the [local name] "tagDefault" and [normalized value] "automatic" MAY be added to the [attributes] of the element item. If the ExtensionDefault in the ModuleDefinition is not empty, then an attribute item with the [local name] "extensibilityImplied" and [normalized value] "true" or "1" SHALL be added to the [attributes] of the element item. If the ExtensionDefault in the ModuleDefinition is empty, then an attribute item with the [local name] "extensibilityImplied" and [normalized value] "false" or "0" MAY be added to the [attributes] of the element item. Legg Experimental [Page 9] RFC 4912 Abstract Syntax Notation X July 2007 An element item with the [local name] "annotation" MAY be added to the [children] of the element item. The translation of each Assignment in the AssignmentList in the ModuleBody in the ModuleDefinition of the module being translated SHALL be appended to the [children] of the element item. If the EncodingControlSections instance in the ModuleDefinition contains an EncodingControlSection for RXER, then the translation of each NamedType in a TopLevelComponent [RXEREI] nested in the EncodingInstructionAssignmentList SHALL be added to the [children] of the element item. The relative order of the top-level components [RXEREI] SHOULD be preserved in the translation; however, the translations of the top-level components MAY be interspersed with the translations of the assignments in the AssignmentList. The translation of the EncodingControlSections instance in the ModuleDefinition of the module being translated SHALL be appended to the [children] of the element item. Example MyModule DEFINITIONS IMPLICIT TAGS EXTENSIBILITY IMPLIED ::= BEGIN MyType ::= INTEGER ENCODING-CONTROL RXER SCHEMA-IDENTITY "http://example.com/id/MyModule" TARGET-NAMESPACE "http://example.com/ns/MyModule" COMPONENT myElement INTEGER END Legg Experimental [Page 10] RFC 4912 Abstract Syntax Notation X July 2007 5. Translation of Assignments 5.1. Referencing Named Constructs An Assignment in ASN.1 associates a reference name with a Type, Value, ValueSet, ObjectClass, Object, or ObjectSet. For ASN.X, an Assignment is also regarded as associating an expanded name [XMLNS10][XMLNS11] with the Type, Value, ValueSet, ObjectClass, Object, or ObjectSet. ASN.X uses these expanded names, rendered as qualified names [XMLNS10][XMLNS11], in place of the references in an ASN.1 specification. In every case, the local name of the expanded name is the typereference, valuereference, objectclassreference, objectreference, or objectsetreference in the Assignment (i.e., the [normalized value] of the name attribute item in the translation of the Assignment, ignoring white space characters). If the target namespace of the ASN.1 module in which the Assignment is defined is not absent, then the namespace name of the expanded name is that target namespace; otherwise, the namespace name of the expanded name has no value. When the expanded name is rendered as a qualified name, the namespace prefix is determined according to Section 6.7.11.1 of the specification for RXER [RXER]. If an ASN.1 specification contains two or more modules where the target namespace is absent, then there exists the possibility that the expanded names defined by the ASN.X translations of those modules are not distinct. The expanded names are not distinct if: (1) two or more type or value set assignments define the same typereference, or (2) two or more value assignments define the same valuereference, or (3) two or more object class assignments define the same objectclassreference, or (4) two or more object assignments define the same objectreference, or (5) two or more object set assignments define the same objectsetreference, or Legg Experimental [Page 11] RFC 4912 Abstract Syntax Notation X July 2007 (6) two or more top-level element components [RXEREI] have the same local name, or (7) two or more top-level attribute components [RXEREI] have the same local name. If the expanded names are not distinct, then an unambiguous translation into ASN.X does not exist unless each of the modules has a SCHEMA-IDENTITY encoding instruction. Consequently, if two or more modules where the target namespace is absent are being translated into ASN.X and the reference names defined in those modules will not be distinct, then as a local action prior to the translation, a SCHEMA-IDENTITY encoding instruction MUST be added to each of the modules that defines one or more of the indistinct expanded names and that does not already have a SCHEMA-IDENTITY encoding instruction. The character string (a URI) specified by the AnyURIValue of each added SCHEMA-IDENTITY encoding instruction is freely chosen by the translator, subject to the condition that these character strings are distinct [RXEREI]. Aside: Although this means that different translators might produce ASN.X modules that are syntactically different for any given ASN.1 module, those ASN.X modules will be semantically equivalent to each other and to the original ASN.1 module. TARGET-NAMESPACE and SCHEMA-IDENTITY encoding instructions are RECOMMENDED for every ASN.1 module. 5.2. Importing Namespaces An Assignment is referenced from an ASN.X module if its associated expanded name appears as a qualified name in the [normalized value] of an attribute item with the [local name] "type", "value", "class", "object", or "objectSet". These references are categorized as direct references. An Assignment or top-level component is also referenced from an ASN.X module if its expanded name appears as a qualified name in the [normalized value] of an attribute item with the [local name] "ref". This reference is only categorized as direct if the ref attribute is not the result of the translation of a DefinedType subject to a TYPE-REF encoding instruction or a NamedType subject to an ATTRIBUTE-REF or ELEMENT-REF encoding instruction. Aside: In the case of an indirect reference, an attribute item with the [local name] "embedded" and [normalized value] "true" or "1" will also be present. Legg Experimental [Page 12] RFC 4912 Abstract Syntax Notation X July 2007 Definition (external module): An external module is any module other than the module being translated and the AdditionalBasicDefinitions module [RXER]. Aside: The AdditionalBasicDefinitions module is always assumed to be imported, as are all the built-in types and object classes of ASN.1. An element item with the [local name] "import" SHALL be added to the [children] of the element item for each external module containing Assignments or top-level components that are directly referenced from the ASN.X module. An element item MAY be added to the [children] of the element item for any other external module. An attribute item with the [local name] "name" SHOULD be added to the [attributes] of the element item. The [normalized value] of this attribute item is the modulereference in the ModuleIdentifier in the ModuleDefinition of the external module. If the DefinitiveIdentifier in the ModuleIdentifier in the ModuleDefinition of the external module is not empty, then an attribute item with the [local name] "identifier" SHALL be added to the [attributes] of the element item. The [normalized value] of this attribute item is the RXER character data translation of the DefinitiveIdentifier. If the external module has a schema identity URI, then an attribute item with the [local name] "schemaIdentity" SHALL be added to the [attributes] of the element item. The [normalized value] of this attribute item is the schema identity URI of the external module. If the target namespace of the external module is not absent, then an attribute item with the [local name] "namespace" SHALL be added to the [attributes] of the element item. The [normalized value] of this attribute item is the target namespace of the external module. An attribute item with the [local name] "schemaLocation" MAY be added to the [attributes] of the element item. The [normalized value] of this attribute item is a URI [URI] indicating the physical location of the ASN.X translation of the external module. The element items MUST follow an element item (if present) and MUST precede any other element items in the [children] of the element item. Legg Experimental [Page 13] RFC 4912 Abstract Syntax Notation X July 2007 Note that because of the way parameterized references are expanded in ASN.X (see Section 13), the modules in the Imports in the ModuleBody in the ModuleDefinition may not correspond exactly to the element items. 5.3. TypeAssignment Translation The translation of a TypeAssignment is an element item with the [local name] "namedType". An attribute item with the [local name] "name" SHALL be added to the [attributes] of the element item. The [normalized value] of this attribute item is the typereference on the left-hand side of the assignment. An element item with the [local name] "annotation" MAY be added to the [children] of the element item. The translation of the Type on the right-hand side of the assignment SHALL be added to the [children] or [attributes] of the element item. Example MyType ::= INTEGER 5.4. ValueAssignment and XMLValueAssignment Translation The translation of a ValueAssignment is an element item with the [local name] "namedValue". An attribute item with the [local name] "name" SHALL be added to the [attributes] of the element item. The [normalized value] of this attribute item is the valuereference on the left-hand side of the assignment. An element item with the [local name] "annotation" MAY be added to the [children] of the element item. The translation of the Type on the left-hand side of the assignment SHALL be added to the [children] or [attributes] of the element item. The translation of the Value on the right-hand side of the assignment SHALL be added to the [children] or [attributes] of the element item. Example myValue INTEGER ::= 10 Legg Experimental [Page 14] RFC 4912 Abstract Syntax Notation X July 2007 An XMLValueAssignment is converted into the equivalent ValueAssignment and then translated as a ValueAssignment. Note that the ASN.X representation for a Value is unrelated to XMLTypedValue. 5.5. ValueSetTypeAssignment Translation The translation of a ValueSetTypeAssignment is an element item with the [local name] "namedValueSet". An attribute item with the [local name] "name" SHALL be added to the [attributes] of the element item. The [normalized value] of this attribute item is the typereference on the left-hand side of the assignment. An element item with the [local name] "annotation" MAY be added to the [children] of the element item. The translation of the Type on the left-hand side of the assignment SHALL be added to the [children] or [attributes] of the element item. The translation of the ValueSet on the right-hand side of the assignment SHALL be added to the [children] of the element item. Example MyValueSet INTEGER ::= { 10 } 10 5.6. ObjectClassAssignment Translation The translation of an ObjectClassAssignment is an element item with the [local name] "namedClass". An attribute item with the [local name] "name" SHALL be added to the [attributes] of the element item. The [normalized value] of this attribute item is the objectclassreference on the left-hand side of the assignment. An element item with the [local name] "annotation" MAY be added to the [children] of the element item. The translation of the ObjectClass on the right-hand side of the assignment SHALL be added to the [children] or [attributes] of the element item. Legg Experimental [Page 15] RFC 4912 Abstract Syntax Notation X July 2007 Example MY-CLASS ::= TYPE-IDENTIFIER 5.7. ObjectAssignment Translation The translation of an ObjectAssignment is an element item with the [local name] "namedObject". An attribute item with the [local name] "name" SHALL be added to the [attributes] of the element item. The [normalized value] of this attribute item is the objectreference on the left-hand side of the assignment. An element item with the [local name] "annotation" MAY be added to the [children] of the element item. The translation of the DefinedObjectClass on the left-hand side of the assignment SHALL be added to the [children] or [attributes] of the element item. The translation of the Object on the right-hand side of the assignment SHALL be added to the [children] or [attributes] of the element item. Example myObject TYPE-IDENTIFIER ::= { NULL IDENTIFIED BY { 1 3 14 3 2 26 } } 5.8. ObjectSetAssignment Translation The translation of an ObjectSetAssignment is an element item with the [local name] "namedObjectSet". An attribute item with the [local name] "name" SHALL be added to the [attributes] of the element item. The [normalized value] of this attribute item is the objectsetreference on the left-hand side of the assignment. An element item with the [local name] "annotation" MAY be added to the [children] of the element item. The translation of the DefinedObjectClass on the left-hand side of the assignment SHALL be added to the [children] or [attributes] of the element item. The translation of the ObjectSet on Legg Experimental [Page 16] RFC 4912 Abstract Syntax Notation X July 2007 the right-hand side of the assignment SHALL be added to the [children] or [attributes] of the element item. Example MyObjectSet TYPE-IDENTIFIER ::= { myObject } 5.9. ParameterizedAssignment Translation The translation of an ASN.1 specification into ASN.X replaces any reference to a parameterized definition [X.683] with the definition expanded in-line. Consequently, there is no direct translation for a ParameterizedAssignment, though its definition may come into play in the translation of references to the parameterized definition (see Section 13). 6. Translation of Types The rules for translating the different varieties of Type are detailed in this section. Note that the notation of ASN.1 is ambiguous where a Type is both prefixed [X.680-1] (e.g., tagged) and constrained. For example, the notation "[0] INTEGER (0..10)" could be interpreted as either a tagged ConstrainedType or a constrained TaggedType. For the purposes of the translation into ASN.X, the constraint is assumed to have higher precedence than the prefix, so the above notation would be taken to be a tagged ConstrainedType. 6.1. Identifier Replacement Various RXER encoding instructions can be used to override an identifier in an ASN.1 specification with an NCName [XMLNS10]. The NCName is given preeminence in the ASN.X representation, and the identifier is not explicitly given if it is algorithmically related to the NCName. The cases where an NCName overrides an identifier are covered individually in other parts of this specification and make use of the following definition. Definition (reduction): The reduction of an NCName is the string of characters resulting from the following operations performed in order on the NCName: Legg Experimental [Page 17] RFC 4912 Abstract Syntax Notation X July 2007 (1) replace each full stop ('.', U+002E) and low line ('_', U+005F) character with a hyphen character ('-', U+002D), (2) remove every character except Latin letters (U+0041-U+005A, U+0061-U+007A), decimal digits (U+0030-U+0039), and hyphens (U+002D), (3) remove leading and trailing hyphen characters, (4) replace sequences of two or more hyphen characters with a single hyphen, and (5) convert the first character to lowercase if it is an uppercase letter. Aside: If the reduction of an NCName is not the same as the identifier that the NCName replaces, then the identifier will be explicitly given in the translation into ASN.X. 6.2. DefinedType Translation If a Type is a DefinedType in a ReferencedType, then the translation of the Type is the translation of the DefinedType. If a DefinedType is not a ParameterizedType, ParameterizedValueSetType, or DummyReference and is not subject to a TYPE-REF or REF-AS-TYPE encoding instruction, then the translation of the DefinedType is either the attribute form translation of a type reference, or the element form translation of a type reference. The attribute form translation of a type reference is an attribute item with the [local name] "type". The [normalized value] of this attribute item is a qualified name for the expanded name of the referenced type definition (see Section 5.1). The attribute form translation SHALL NOT be used if this expanded name is not distinct with respect to the current module and the modules referenced by its element items (see Section 5.1). The element form translation of a type reference is an element item with the [local name] "type". An element item with the [local name] "annotation" MAY be added to the [children] of the element item. An attribute item with the [local name] "ref" SHALL be added to the [attributes] of the element item. The [normalized value] of this attribute item is a qualified name for the expanded name of the referenced type definition. If this expanded name is not distinct with respect to the current module and the modules referenced by its element items, then an attribute item with the [local name] "context" SHALL be added to the Legg Experimental [Page 18] RFC 4912 Abstract Syntax Notation X July 2007 [attributes] of the element item; otherwise, if the module containing the referenced type definition has a schema identity URI, then an attribute item with the [local name] "context" MAY be added to the [attributes] of the element item. The [normalized value] of this attribute item is the schema identity URI of the module containing the type definition referenced by the DefinedType. Aside: If a reference name is not distinct, then the module containing the referenced definition must have a schema identity URI (see Section 5.1). An attribute item with the [local name] "embedded" and [normalized value] "false" or "0" MAY be added to the [attributes] of the element item. The translation of the DefinedType is the same whether the type definition is referenced by a typereference or an ExternalTypeReference. If a DefinedType is subject to a TYPE-REF encoding instruction, then the translation of the DefinedType is an element item with the [local name] "type". An element item with the [local name] "annotation" MAY be added to the [children] of the element item. An attribute item with the [local name] "ref" SHALL be added to the [attributes] of the element item. The [normalized value] of this attribute item is the RXER character data translation of the QNameValue in the TYPE-REF encoding instruction. If a ContextParameter is present in the RefParameters in the TYPE-REF encoding instruction, then an attribute item with the [local name] "context" SHALL be added to the [attributes] of the element item. The [normalized value] of this attribute item is the string value of the AnyURIValue in the ContextParameter. An attribute item with the [local name] "embedded" and [normalized value] "true" or "1" SHALL be added to the [attributes] of the element item. Aside: The embedded attribute item indicates whether a type is directly referenced as a DefinedType or indirectly referenced through a TYPE-REF encoding instruction. An ASN.1 type can be referenced either way. Type definitions in other schema languages cannot be directly referenced. If a DefinedType is subject to a REF-AS-TYPE encoding instruction, then the translation of the DefinedType is an element item with the [local name] "type". An element item with the [local name] "annotation" MAY be added to the [children] of the element item. An attribute item with the [local name] "elementType" SHALL be added to the [attributes] of the element item. The Legg Experimental [Page 19] RFC 4912 Abstract Syntax Notation X July 2007 [normalized value] of this attribute item is the RXER character data translation of the NameValue in the REF-AS-TYPE encoding instruction. If a ContextParameter is present in the RefParameters in the REF-AS-TYPE encoding instruction, then an attribute item with the [local name] "context" SHALL be added to the [attributes] of the element item. The [normalized value] of this attribute item is the string value of the AnyURIValue in the ContextParameter. Example CHOICE { one Foo, two [RXER:TYPE-REF { namespace-name "http://www.example.com/PO1", local-name "PurchaseOrderType" }] Markup, three [RXER:REF-AS-TYPE "product" CONTEXT "http://www.example.com/inventory"] Markup } If a DefinedType is a DummyReference, ParameterizedType, or ParameterizedValueSetType, then the translation of the Type is the translation of that DummyReference, ParameterizedType, or ParameterizedValueSetType (see Section 13). 6.3. Translation of Built-in Types If a Type is a BuiltinType or ReferencedType that is one of the productions in Table 1 in Section 5 of the specification for RXER [RXER], then the translation of the Type is either the attribute form or element form translation of that type. Legg Experimental [Page 20] RFC 4912 Abstract Syntax Notation X July 2007 The attribute form translation of a Type that is a BuiltinType or ReferencedType that is one of the productions in Table 1 is an attribute item with the [local name] "type". The [normalized value] of this attribute item is a qualified name for the expanded name of the built-in type (see Section 5 of the specification for RXER [RXER]). The element form translation of a Type that is a BuiltinType or ReferencedType that is one of the productions in Table 1 is an element item with the [local name] "type". An element item with the [local name] "annotation" MAY be added to the [children] of the element item. An attribute item with the [local name] "ref" SHALL be added to the [attributes] of the element item. The [normalized value] of this attribute item is a qualified name for the expanded name of the built-in type. Example BOOLEAN Usually the translator is free to choose either the attribute form or element form translation for a Type; however, in some contexts attribute forms for a Type are explicitly disallowed. 6.4. BitStringType Translation The translation of a BitStringType with a NamedBitList is an element item with the [local name] "type". An element item with the [local name] "annotation" MAY be added to the [children] of the element item. An element item with the [local name] "namedBitList" SHALL be appended to the [children] of the element item. The translation of each NamedBit in the NamedBitList SHALL be appended to the [children] of the element item. The translation of a NamedBit is an element item with the [local name] "namedBit". An attribute item with the [local name] "name" SHALL be added to the [attributes] of the element item. If the BitStringType is subject to a VALUES encoding instruction, then the [normalized value] of this attribute item is the replacement name [RXEREI] for the identifier in the NamedBit; otherwise, it is the identifier in the NamedBit. If the BitStringType is subject to a VALUES encoding instruction and the reduction of the replacement name (see Section 6.1) is not the same as the identifier, then an attribute item with the [local name] "identifier" SHALL be added to the [attributes] of the Legg Experimental [Page 21] RFC 4912 Abstract Syntax Notation X July 2007 element item; otherwise, an attribute item with the [local name] "identifier" MAY be added to the [attributes] of the element item. The [normalized value] of this attribute item is the identifier in the NamedBit. An attribute item with the [local name] "bit" SHALL be added to the [attributes] of the element item. The [normalized value] of this attribute item is the digit string representation of the integer value of the number or DefinedValue in the NamedBit. Examples BIT STRING { zero(0), one(1), two(2) } [RXER:VALUES ALL CAPITALIZED, wednesday AS "Midweek"] BIT STRING { monday(0), tuesday(1), wednesday(2), thursday(3), friday(4) } 6.5. IntegerType Translation The translation of an IntegerType with a NamedNumberList is an element item with the [local name] "type". An element item with the [local name] "annotation" MAY be added to the [children] of the element item. An element item with the [local name] "namedNumberList" SHALL be appended to the [children] of the element item. The translation of each NamedNumber in the NamedNumberList SHALL be appended to the [children] of the element item. Legg Experimental [Page 22] RFC 4912 Abstract Syntax Notation X July 2007 The translation of a NamedNumber is an element item with the [local name] "namedNumber". An attribute item with the [local name] "name" SHALL be added to the [attributes] of the element item. If the IntegerType is subject to a VALUES encoding instruction, then the [normalized value] of this attribute item is the replacement name [RXEREI] for the identifier in the NamedNumber; otherwise, it is the identifier in the NamedNumber. If the IntegerType is subject to a VALUES encoding instruction and the reduction of the replacement name (see Section 6.1) is not the same as the identifier, then an attribute item with the [local name] "identifier" SHALL be added to the [attributes] of the element item; otherwise, an attribute item with the [local name] "identifier" MAY be added to the [attributes] of the element item. The [normalized value] of this attribute item is the identifier in the NamedNumber. An attribute item with the [local name] "number" SHALL be added to the [attributes] of the element item. The [normalized value] of this attribute item is the digit string representation of the integer value of the SignedNumber or DefinedValue in the NamedNumber. Examples INTEGER { nothing(0), a-little(1), a-lot(100) } [RXER:VALUES ALL CAPITALIZED, very-high AS "DANGEROUS"] INTEGER { low(25), medium(50), high(75), very-high(100) } Legg Experimental [Page 23] RFC 4912 Abstract Syntax Notation X July 2007 6.6. EnumeratedType Translation The translation of an EnumeratedType is an element item with the [local name] "type". An element item with the [local name] "annotation" MAY be added to the [children] of the element item. An element item with the [local name] "enumerated" SHALL be appended to the [children] of the element item. The translation of each EnumerationItem nested in the RootEnumeration in the Enumerations instance in the EnumeratedType SHALL be appended to the [children] of the element item. If an ellipsis ("...") is present in the Enumerations instance, then an element item with the [local name] "extension" SHALL be appended to the [children] of the element item and the translation of the ExceptionSpec (possibly empty) SHALL be added to the [children] of the element item. If an AdditionalEnumeration is present in the Enumerations instance, then the translation of each EnumerationItem nested in the AdditionalEnumeration SHALL be appended to the [children] of the element item. The translation of an EnumerationItem is an element item with the [local name] "enumeration". If the EnumerationItem is of the "identifier" form, then an attribute item with the [local name] "name" SHALL be added to the [attributes] of the element item. If the EnumeratedType is subject to a VALUES encoding instruction, then the [normalized value] of this attribute item is the replacement name [RXEREI] for the identifier; otherwise, it is the identifier. If the EnumeratedType is subject to a VALUES encoding instruction and the reduction of the replacement name (see Section 6.1) is not the same as the identifier, then an attribute item with the [local name] "identifier" SHALL be added to the [attributes] of the element item; otherwise, an attribute item with the [local name] "identifier" MAY be added to the [attributes] of the element item. The [normalized value] of this attribute item is the identifier. If the EnumerationItem is of the "NamedNumber" form, then an attribute item with the [local name] "name" SHALL be added to the [attributes] of the element item. If the EnumeratedType is subject to a VALUES encoding instruction, then the [normalized value] of this attribute item is the replacement name [RXEREI] for the identifier in the NamedNumber; otherwise, it is the identifier in the NamedNumber. If the EnumeratedType is subject to a VALUES encoding instruction and the reduction of the replacement name is not the same as the identifier, then an attribute item with the [local name] "identifier" SHALL be added to the [attributes] of the Legg Experimental [Page 24] RFC 4912 Abstract Syntax Notation X July 2007 element item; otherwise, an attribute item with the [local name] "identifier" MAY be added to the [attributes] of the element item. The [normalized value] of this attribute item is the identifier in the NamedNumber. An attribute item with the [local name] "number" SHALL be added to the [attributes] of the element item. The [normalized value] of this attribute item is the digit string representation of the integer value of the SignedNumber or DefinedValue in the NamedNumber. Examples ENUMERATED { red(0), green(1), ..., blue(2) } [RXER:VALUES ALL CAPITALIZED, red AS "Crimson"] ENUMERATED { red, yellow, green, blue } 6.7. PrefixedType Translation The translation of a PrefixedType [X.680-1] that is a TaggedType is either the short form translation (Section 6.7.1) or long form translation (Section 6.7.2) of the TaggedType. Aside: The short form translation is provided because TaggedType notation is heavily used in existing ASN.1 specifications. The long form translation has the same structure as the translation of an EncodingPrefixedType and can be simplified where there is a series of nested PrefixedType instances. Legg Experimental [Page 25] RFC 4912 Abstract Syntax Notation X July 2007 If a PrefixedType is an EncodingPrefixedType and the EncodingReference is RXER, or the EncodingReference is empty and the default encoding reference [X.680-1] for the module is RXER, then the translation of the PrefixedType is the translation of the Type in the EncodingPrefixedType. Aside: This is not suggesting that RXER encoding instructions are ignored. Encoding instructions for RXER are not explicitly represented in ASN.X, but rather affect how an ASN.1 module is translated into an ASN.X module (since the content of an ASN.X module is also the RXER encoding of an abstract value of the ModuleDefinition ASN.1 type in Appendix A). The individual effects of RXER encoding instructions on the translation are addressed in other parts of this specification. Encoding instructions for other encoding rules have explicit representations in ASN.X. If a PrefixedType is an EncodingPrefixedType and the EncodingReference is not RXER, or the EncodingReference is empty and the default encoding reference for the module is not RXER, then the translation of the PrefixedType is an element item with the [local name] "prefixed". The translation of the EncodingPrefix in the EncodingPrefixedType SHALL be added to the [children] of the element item. If the EncodingReference of an EncodingPrefix is not empty, then the translation of the EncodingPrefix is an element item with the encodingreference in the EncodingReference as the [local name]. The translation of the EncodingInstruction in the EncodingPrefix SHALL be added to the [children] of this element item. If the EncodingReference of an EncodingPrefix is empty, then the translation of the EncodingPrefix is an element item with the default encoding reference for the module as the [local name]. The translation of the EncodingInstruction in the EncodingPrefix SHALL be added to the [children] of this element item. The EncodingInstruction notation is different for each set of encoding instructions, and their translations into ASN.X are specified in separate documents [GSEREIT][XEREIT]. At the time of writing, only three sets of encoding instructions have been defined (for RXER [RXEREI], GSER [GSEREI], and EXTENDED-XER [X.693-1]). If the child element item of a element item has no attribute items and has a child element item, then that child element item MAY be replaced by the [children] and [attributes] of the inner element item. Note that the long form translation of a TaggedType is also eligible for this Legg Experimental [Page 26] RFC 4912 Abstract Syntax Notation X July 2007 rewriting step. This rewriting step MAY be applied to the result of a previous rewriting step if the necessary condition still holds. Example These three definitions are equivalent. [XER:ATTRIBUTE] [XER:USE-UNION] [GSER:CHOICE-OF-STRINGS] CHOICE { one PrintableString, two UTF8String } Legg Experimental [Page 27] RFC 4912 Abstract Syntax Notation X July 2007 6.7.1. Short Form TaggedType Translation The short form translation of a TaggedType is an element item with the [local name] "type". An element item with the [local name] "annotation" MAY be added to the [children] of the element item. An element item with the [local name] "tagged" SHALL be appended to the [children] of the element item. If the Class in the Tag in the TaggedType is not empty, then an attribute item with the [local name] "tagClass" SHALL be added to the [attributes] of the element item. The [normalized value] of this attribute item is the Class of the Tag with all letters downcased, i.e., either "universal", "application", or "private". An attribute item with the [local name] "number" SHALL be added to the [attributes] of the element item. The [normalized value] of this attribute item is the digit string representation of the integer value of the number or DefinedValue in the ClassNumber in the Tag. If the Tag is immediately followed by the "IMPLICIT" keyword, then an attribute item with the [local name] "tagging" and [normalized value] "implicit" SHALL be added to the [attributes] of the element item. If the Tag is immediately followed by the "EXPLICIT" keyword, then an attribute item with the [local name] "tagging" and [normalized value] "explicit" SHALL be added to the [attributes] of the element item. The translation of the Type in the TaggedType SHALL be added to the [children] or [attributes] of the element item. Examples [0] INTEGER [APPLICATION 10] IMPLICIT BOOLEAN Legg Experimental [Page 28] RFC 4912 Abstract Syntax Notation X July 2007 6.7.2. Long Form TaggedType Translation The long form translation of a TaggedType is an element item with the [local name] "type". An element item with the [local name] "annotation" MAY be added to the [children] of the element item. An element item with the [local name] "prefixed" SHALL be appended to the [children] of the element item. The translation of the Tag in the TaggedType SHALL be added to the [children] of the element item. The translation of a Tag is an element item with the [local name] "TAG". If the Class of the Tag is not empty, then an attribute item with the [local name] "tagClass" SHALL be added to the [attributes] of the element item. The [normalized value] of this attribute item is the Class of the Tag with all letters downcased, i.e., either "universal", "application", or "private". An attribute item with the [local name] "number" SHALL be added to the [attributes] of the element item. The [normalized value] of this attribute item is the digit string representation of the integer value of the number or DefinedValue in the ClassNumber in the Tag. If the Tag is immediately followed by the "IMPLICIT" keyword, then an attribute item with the [local name] "tagging" and [normalized value] "implicit" SHALL be added to the [attributes] of the element item. If the Tag is immediately followed by the "EXPLICIT" keyword, then an attribute item with the [local name] "tagging" and [normalized value] "explicit" SHALL be added to the [attributes] of the element item. The translation of the Type in the TaggedType SHALL be added to the [children] or [attributes] of the element item. Examples [0] INTEGER Legg Experimental [Page 29] RFC 4912 Abstract Syntax Notation X July 2007 [APPLICATION 10] IMPLICIT BOOLEAN 6.8. SelectionType Translation The translation of a SelectionType is an element item with the [local name] "type". An element item with the [local name] "annotation" MAY be added to the [children] of the element item. An element item with the [local name] "selection" SHALL be appended to the [children] of the element item. The identifier in a SelectionType identifies a NamedType in the definition of the Type in the SelectionType. The translation of that NamedType will be an element item with the [local name] either "attribute", "element", "component", "group", or "member". An attribute item with the same [local name] as the translation of the NamedType SHALL be added to the [attributes] of the element item. The [normalized value] of this attribute item is a qualified name for the expanded name of the NamedType [RXEREI]. The translation of the Type in the SelectionType SHALL be added to the [children] or [attributes] of the element item. Examples field1 < MyChoiceType field2 < CHOICE { field2 [RXER:ATTRIBUTE][RXER:NAME AS "field-two"] INTEGER } Legg Experimental [Page 30] RFC 4912 Abstract Syntax Notation X July 2007 6.9. InstanceOfType Translation The translation of an InstanceOfType is an element item with the [local name] "type". An element item with the [local name] "annotation" MAY be added to the [children] of the element item. An element item with the [local name] "instanceOf" SHALL be appended to the [children] of the element item. The translation of the DefinedObjectClass in the InstanceOfType SHALL be added to the [children] or [attributes] of the element item. Example INSTANCE OF TYPE-IDENTIFIER 6.10. ObjectClassFieldType Translation The translation of an ObjectClassFieldType is an element item with the [local name] "type". An element item with the [local name] "annotation" MAY be added to the [children] of the element item. An element item with the [local name] "fromClass" SHALL be appended to the [children] of the element item. The translation of the DefinedObjectClass in the ObjectClassFieldType SHALL be added to the [children] or [attributes] of the element item. The translation of the FieldName (see Section 9.2.6) in the ObjectClassFieldType SHALL be added to the [children] or [attributes] of the element item. Example OPERATION.&Linked.&ArgumentType Legg Experimental [Page 31] RFC 4912 Abstract Syntax Notation X July 2007 6.11. TypeFromObject and ValueSetFromObjects Translation The translation of a TypeFromObject or ValueSetFromObjects is an element item with the [local name] "type". An element item with the [local name] "annotation" MAY be added to the [children] of the element item. An element item with the [local name] "fromObjects" SHALL be appended to the [children] of the element item. The translation of the ReferencedObjects instance in the TypeFromObject or ValueSetFromObjects SHALL be added to the [children] or [attributes] of the element item. The translation of the FieldName in the TypeFromObject or ValueSetFromObjects SHALL be added to the [children] or [attributes] of the element item. Example invertMatrix.&Errors.&errorCode 6.12. Translation of Combining Types This section details the translation of the ASN.1 combining types: SET, SEQUENCE, CHOICE, SET OF, and SEQUENCE OF. The combining type definitions all make use of the NamedType notation. 6.12.1. NamedType Translation A NamedType is translated in one of three ways depending on the context. These are the normal translation, the member translation, and the item translation. These translations are not interchangeable. One of the three will be explicitly invoked as part of the translation of an enclosing combining type. The normal translation of a NamedType is an element item with the [local name] determined as follows: (1) if the NamedType is subject to an ATTRIBUTE or ATTRIBUTE-REF encoding instruction, or subject to a COMPONENT-REF encoding instruction that references a top-level NamedType that is subject to an ATTRIBUTE encoding instruction, then the [local name] is "attribute", Legg Experimental [Page 32] RFC 4912 Abstract Syntax Notation X July 2007 (2) else if the NamedType is subject to a GROUP encoding instruction, then the [local name] is "group", (3) else if the NamedType is subject to a SIMPLE-CONTENT encoding instruction, then the [local name] is "simpleContent", (4) otherwise, the [local name] is "element" or "component" (translator's choice). Aside: The local names "element" and "component" are synonymous. The "component" alternative is offered for specifying applications that don't use RXER (except for the ASN.X specification itself, of course), where referring to parts of an encoding as elements would seem incongruous. The member translation of a NamedType is an element item with the [local name] "member". The item translation of a NamedType is an element item with the [local name] "item". Aside: A Namedtype for which the member or item translation is invoked will never be subject to an ATTRIBUTE, ATTRIBUTE-REF, COMPONENT-REF, GROUP, SIMPLE-CONTENT, or TYPE-AS-VERSION encoding instruction. These encoding instructions are also mutually exclusive [RXEREI]. An element item with the [local name] "annotation" MAY be added to the [children] of the , , , , , , or element item. If a NamedType is subject to a TYPE-AS-VERSION encoding instruction, then an attribute item with the [local name] "typeAsVersion" and [normalized value] "true" or "1" SHALL be added to the or element item. For the normal translation, if a NamedType is not subject to an ATTRIBUTE, ATTRIBUTE-REF, COMPONENT-REF, GROUP, SIMPLE-CONTENT, or TYPE-AS-VERSION encoding instruction, then an attribute item with the [local name] "typeAsVersion" and [normalized value] "false" or "0" MAY be added to the or element item. For the normal, member, and item translations, if a NamedType is not subject to an ATTRIBUTE-REF, COMPONENT-REF, ELEMENT-REF, or REF-AS-ELEMENT encoding instruction, then an attribute item with the [local name] "name" SHALL be added to the [attributes] of the , , , , , , or Legg Experimental [Page 33] RFC 4912 Abstract Syntax Notation X July 2007 element item. The [normalized value] of this attribute item is the local name of the expanded name of the NamedType [RXEREI]. Aside: If there are no NAME, ATTRIBUTE-REF, COMPONENT_REF, ELEMENT-REF or REF-AS-ELEMENT encoding instructions, then the local name of the expanded name of a NamedType is the same as the identifier in the NamedType. If the reduction of the local name (an NCName) of the expanded name of a NamedType is not the same as the identifier in the NamedType, then an attribute item with the [local name] "identifier" SHALL be added to the [attributes] of the , , , , , , or element item; otherwise, an attribute item with the [local name] "identifier" MAY be added to the [attributes] of the aforementioned element item. The [normalized value] of this attribute item is the identifier in the NamedType. Aside: The identifier attribute is not contingent on there being a name attribute. That is, an element item can have an identifier attribute item without having a name attribute item. If a NamedType is subject to a COMPONENT-REF encoding instruction, then an attribute item with the [local name] "ref" SHALL be added to the [attributes] of the , , or element item. The [normalized value] of this attribute item is a qualified name for the expanded name of the top-level NamedType referenced by the encoding instruction. If the expanded name is not distinct with respect to the current module and the modules referenced by its element items (see Section 5.1), then an attribute item with the [local name] "context" SHALL be added to the [attributes] of the , , or element item; otherwise, if the module containing the referenced top-level NamedType has a schema identity URI, then an attribute item with the [local name] "context" MAY be added to the [attributes] of the , , or element item. The [normalized value] of this attribute item is the schema identity URI of the module containing the referenced top-level NamedType. Aside: If an expanded name is not distinct, then the module containing the referenced top-level NamedType must have a schema identity URI (see Section 5.1). If a NamedType is subject to a COMPONENT-REF encoding instruction, then an attribute item with the [local name] "embedded" and [normalized value] "false" or "0" MAY be added to the [attributes] of the , , or element item. Legg Experimental [Page 34] RFC 4912 Abstract Syntax Notation X July 2007 If a NamedType is subject to an ATTRIBUTE-REF or ELEMENT-REF encoding instruction, then an attribute item with the [local name] "ref" SHALL be added to the [attributes] of the , , or element item. The [normalized value] of this attribute item is the RXER character data translation of the QNameValue in the encoding instruction. An attribute item with the [local name] "embedded" and [normalized value] "true" or "1" SHALL be added to the [attributes] of the , , or element item. If a NamedType is subject to a REF-AS-ELEMENT encoding instruction, then an attribute item with the [local name] "elementType" SHALL be added to the [attributes] of the or element item. The [normalized value] of this attribute item is the RXER character data translation of the NameValue in the REF-AS-ELEMENT encoding instruction. If a Namespace is present in the REF-AS-ELEMENT encoding instruction, then an attribute item with the [local name] "namespace" SHALL be added to the [attributes] of the or element item. The [normalized value] of this attribute item is the string value of the AnyURIValue in the Namespace. If a ContextParameter is present in the RefParameters in the ATTRIBUTE-REF, ELEMENT-REF, or REF-AS-ELEMENT encoding instruction, then an attribute item with the [local name] "context" SHALL be added to the [attributes] of the , , or element item. The [normalized value] of this attribute item is the string value of the AnyURIValue in the ContextParameter. If a NamedType is subject to both an ATTRIBUTE encoding instruction and a VERSION-INDICATOR encoding instruction, then an attribute item with the [local name] "versionIndicator" and [normalized value] "true" or "1" SHALL be added to the element item. If a NamedType is subject to an ATTRIBUTE encoding instruction and not subject to a VERSION-INDICATOR encoding instruction, then an attribute item with the [local name] "versionIndicator" and [normalized value] "false" or "0" MAY be added to the element item. If a NamedType is not subject to an ATTRIBUTE-REF, COMPONENT-REF, ELEMENT-REF, or REF-AS-ELEMENT encoding instruction, then the translation of the Type in the NamedType SHALL be added to the [children] or [attributes] of the , , , , , , or element item. Legg Experimental [Page 35] RFC 4912 Abstract Syntax Notation X July 2007 If a NamedType is subject to an ATTRIBUTE-REF, COMPONENT-REF, ELEMENT-REF, or REF-AS-ELEMENT encoding instruction, then the translation of each EncodingPrefix (Section 6.7) and Tag (Section 6.7.2) textually within the NamedType SHALL be added in order to the [children] of the , , or element item. Example CHOICE { one INTEGER, two [RXER:ATTRIBUTE] BOOLEAN, three [RXER:ATTRIBUTE-REF { namespace-name "http://www.example.com/schema", local-name "foo" }] UTF8String, bar [RXER:ELEMENT-REF { namespace-name "http://www.example.com/schema", local-name "bar" }] Markup, five [0] [RXER:REF-AS-ELEMENT "product" CONTEXT "http://www.example.com/inventory"] Markup, six [RXER:GROUP] MySequence } 6.12.2. SequenceType Translation The translation of a SequenceType is an element item with the [local name] "type". An element item with the [local name] "annotation" MAY be added to the [children] of the element item. An element item with the [local name] "sequence" SHALL be appended to the [children] of the element item. The Legg Experimental [Page 36] RFC 4912 Abstract Syntax Notation X July 2007 translation of each ComponentType nested in the ComponentTypeList in the initial RootComponentTypeList, if present, SHALL be appended to the [children] of the element item. If an ExtensionAndException is present, then an element item with the [local name] "extension" SHALL be appended to the [children] of the element item. If an ExceptionSpec is present in the ExtensionAndException, then the translation of the ExceptionSpec (possibly empty) SHALL be added to the [children] of the element item. If an ExtensionAdditions instance is present, then the translation of each ExtensionAdditionGroup or ComponentType nested in the ExtensionAdditions (if any) SHALL be appended to the [children] of the element item. If an ExtensionEndMarker is present, then the translation of each ComponentType nested in the ComponentTypeList in the final RootComponentTypeList SHALL be appended to the [children] of the element item. The translation of an ExtensionAdditionGroup is an element item with the [local name] "extensionGroup". If the VersionNumber in the ExtensionAdditionGroup is not empty, then an attribute item with the [local name] "version" SHALL be added to the [attributes] of the element item. The [normalized value] of this attribute item is the number in the VersionNumber. The translation of each ComponentType nested in the ExtensionAdditionGroup SHALL be appended to the [children] of the element item. The translation of a ComponentType of the "NamedType" form is the normal translation of the NamedType. The translation of a ComponentType of the "NamedType OPTIONAL" form is an element item with the [local name] "optional". The normal translation of the NamedType SHALL be added to the [children] of the element item. The translation of a ComponentType of the "NamedType DEFAULT Value" form is an element item with the [local name] "optional". The normal translation of the NamedType SHALL be added to the [children] of the element item. An element item with the [local name] "default" SHALL be appended to the [children] of the element item. The translation of the Value SHALL be added to the [children] or [attributes] of the element item. Legg Experimental [Page 37] RFC 4912 Abstract Syntax Notation X July 2007 The translation of a ComponentType of the "COMPONENTS OF Type" form is an element item with the [local name] "componentsOf". The translation of the Type SHALL be added to the [children] or [attributes] of the element item. Example SEQUENCE { one INTEGER, two [RXER:ATTRIBUTE] BOOLEAN OPTIONAL, ..., [[ 2: four NULL ]], COMPONENTS OF MySequence, ..., three PrintableString DEFAULT "third" } 6.12.3. SetType Translation The translation of a SetType follows the same procedure as the translation of a SequenceType except that SetType replaces SequenceType, "SET" replaces "SEQUENCE", and the [local name] "set" is used instead of "sequence". Legg Experimental [Page 38] RFC 4912 Abstract Syntax Notation X July 2007 6.12.4. ChoiceType Translation The translation of a ChoiceType that is not subject to a UNION encoding instruction is an element item with the [local name] "type". An element item with the [local name] "annotation" MAY be added to the [children] of the element item. An element item with the [local name] "choice" SHALL be appended to the [children] of the element item. The normal translation of each NamedType nested in the AlternativeTypeList in the RootAlternativeTypeList in the AlternativeTypeLists SHALL be appended to the [children] of the element item. If an ExtensionAndException is present in the AlternativeTypeLists, then an element item with the [local name] "extension" SHALL be appended to the [children] of the element item. If an ExceptionSpec is present in the ExtensionAndException, then the translation of the ExceptionSpec (possibly empty) is added to the [children] of the element item. If an ExtensionAdditionAlternatives instance is present in the AlternativeTypeLists, then the translation of each ExtensionAdditionAlternativesGroup or NamedType (if any) nested in the ExtensionAdditionAlternatives SHALL be appended in order to the [children] of the element item. The normal translation of the NamedType is used. The translation of an ExtensionAdditionAlternativesGroup is an element item with the [local name] "extensionGroup". If the VersionNumber in the ExtensionAdditionAlternativesGroup is not empty, then an attribute item with the [local name] "version" SHALL be added to the [attributes] of the element item. The [normalized value] of this attribute item is the number in the VersionNumber. The normal translation of each NamedType nested in the AlternativeTypeList in the ExtensionAdditionAlternativesGroup SHALL be appended to the [children] of the element item. Legg Experimental [Page 39] RFC 4912 Abstract Syntax Notation X July 2007 Example CHOICE { one INTEGER, two [RXER:NAME AS "Two"] BOOLEAN, ..., [[ 2: three NULL ]], four PrintableString, ... } 6.12.5. Translation of UNION Types The translation of a ChoiceType that is subject to a UNION encoding instruction follows the same procedure as the translation of a ChoiceType that is not subject to a UNION encoding instruction except that the [local name] "union" is used instead of "choice", and the member translation of each NamedType is used instead of the normal translation. In addition, if the UNION encoding instruction has a PrecedenceList, then an attribute item with the [local name] "precedence" SHALL be added to the [attributes] of the element item. The [normalized value] of this attribute item is the white space separated list of qualified names for the expanded names of the NamedType instances [RXEREI] corresponding to the identifiers in the PrecedenceList. A white space separator is one or more of the white space characters. Legg Experimental [Page 40] RFC 4912 Abstract Syntax Notation X July 2007 Example [RXER:UNION PRECEDENCE utf8 visible] CHOICE { printable PrintableString, teletex TeletexString, visible [RXER:NAME AS "ascii"] VisibleString, ..., utf8 UTF8String } 6.12.6. SequenceOfType Translation The translation of a SequenceOfType that is not subject to a LIST encoding instruction is an element item with the [local name] "type". An element item with the [local name] "annotation" MAY be added to the [children] of the element item. An element item with the [local name] "sequenceOf" SHALL be appended to the [children] of the element item. If the SequenceOfType is of the "SEQUENCE OF NamedType" form, then the normal translation of the NamedType SHALL be added to the [children] of the element item. If the SequenceOfType is of the "SEQUENCE OF Type" form, then an element item with the [local name] "element" or "component" (translator's choice) SHALL be added to the [children] of the element item. An attribute item with the [local name] "name" and [normalized value] "item" SHALL be added to the [attributes] of the or element item. An attribute item with the [local name] "identifier" and empty [normalized value] SHALL be added to the [attributes] of the or element item. The translation of the Type SHALL be added to the [children] or [attributes] of the or element item. Legg Experimental [Page 41] RFC 4912 Abstract Syntax Notation X July 2007 Examples SEQUENCE OF INTEGER SEQUENCE OF counter INTEGER 6.12.7. Translation of LIST Types The translation of a SequenceOfType that is subject to a LIST encoding instruction is an element item with the [local name] "type". An element item with the [local name] "annotation" MAY be added to the [children] of the element item. An element item with the [local name] "list" SHALL be appended to the [children] of the element item. The item translation of the NamedType in the SequenceOfType SHALL be added to the [children] of the element item. Aside: A SequenceOfType is necessarily of the "SEQUENCE OF NamedType" form for a LIST encoding instruction. Example [RXER:LIST] SEQUENCE OF number INTEGER 6.12.8. SetOfType Translation The translation of a SetOfType follows the same procedure as the translation of a SequenceOfType except that SetOfType replaces SequenceOfType, "SET" replaces "SEQUENCE", and the [local name] "setOf" is used instead of "sequenceOf". Legg Experimental [Page 42] RFC 4912 Abstract Syntax Notation X July 2007 6.12.9. Effect of Insertion Encoding Instructions If a Type is subject to a NO-INSERTIONS, HOLLOW-INSERTIONS, SINGULAR-INSERTIONS, UNIFORM-INSERTIONS, or MULTIFORM-INSERTIONS encoding instruction, then an attribute item with the [local name] "insertions" SHALL be added to the [attributes] of the , or element item in the [children] of the element item resulting from the translation of the Type. The [normalized value] of this attribute item is "none" in the case of a NO-INSERTIONS encoding instruction, "hollow" in the case of a HOLLOW-INSERTIONS encoding instruction, "singular" in the case of a SINGULAR-INSERTIONS encoding instruction, "uniform" in the case of a UNIFORM-INSERTIONS encoding instruction, and "multiform" in the case of a MULTIFORM-INSERTIONS encoding instruction. Example [NO-INSERTIONS] CHOICE { one [RXER:GROUP] [RXER:SINGULAR-INSERTIONS] CHOICE { two INTEGER, ... }, ... } 6.13. Translation of Constrained Types If a ConstrainedType is of the "Type Constraint" form, then the translation of the ConstrainedType is an element item with the [local name] "type". An element item with the [local name] "annotation" MAY be added to the [children] of the element item. An element item with the [local name] "constrained" SHALL be appended to the [children] of the element item. The translation of the Type SHALL be added to the [children] or Legg Experimental [Page 43] RFC 4912 Abstract Syntax Notation X July 2007 [attributes] of the element item. The translation of the Constraint SHALL be added to the [children] of the element item. The translation of a ContainedType that is a TypeWithConstraint is the translation of the TypeWithConstraint. Definition (simple endpoint): A LowerEndpoint or UpperEndpoint is a simple endpoint if it is closed and its value is "MIN", "MAX", or a SignedNumber in an IntegerValue in a BuiltinValue in the Value of the endpoint. Definition (simple range SizeConstraint): A SizeConstraint is a simple range if the Constraint in the SizeConstraint contains only a ValueRange (i.e., a ValueRange in a SubtypeElements instance in an Elements instance in a lone IntersectionElements instance in a lone Intersections instance in a Unions instance in an ElementSetSpec in a RootElementSetSpec in an ElementSetSpecs instance without an AdditionalElementSetSpec in a SubtypeConstraint in a ConstraintSpec in the Constraint) and both endpoints are simple. Definition (simple range Constraint): A Constraint is a simple range if contains only a SizeConstraint that is a simple range (i.e., a simple range SizeConstraint in a SubtypeElements instance in an Elements instance in a lone IntersectionElements instance in a lone Intersections instance in a Unions instance in an ElementSetSpec in a RootElementSetSpec in an ElementSetSpecs instance without an AdditionalElementSetSpec in a SubtypeConstraint in a ConstraintSpec in the Constraint). If the Constraint or SizeConstraint in a TypeWithConstraint is a simple range, then the compact translation of the TypeWithConstraint MAY be used; otherwise, the full translation of the TypeWithConstraint is used. The compact translation of a TypeWithConstraint is initially the translation of its notional parent type. If the value of the lower endpoint is not "MIN" or "0", then an attribute item with the [local name] "minSize" SHALL be added to the [attributes] of the , , or element item resulting from the translation of the parent type. The [normalized value] of this attribute item is the value of the lower endpoint. If the value of the lower endpoint is "MIN" or "0", then an attribute item with the [local name] "minSize" and [normalized value] "0" MAY be added to the [attributes] of the , , or element item. If the value of the upper endpoint is not "MAX", then an attribute item with the [local name] "maxSize" SHALL be added to the [attributes] of the , , or element item. Legg Experimental [Page 44] RFC 4912 Abstract Syntax Notation X July 2007 The [normalized value] of this attribute item is the value of the upper endpoint. The full translation of a TypeWithConstraint is an element item with the [local name] "type". An element item with the [local name] "annotation" MAY be added to the [children] of the element item. An element item with the [local name] "constrained" SHALL be appended to the [children] of the element item. The translation of the notional parent type of the TypeWithConstraint SHALL be added to the [children] or [attributes] of the element item. The translation of the Constraint or SizeConstraint in the TypeWithConstraint SHALL be added to the [children] of the element item. Examples SEQUENCE (SIZE(1..MAX)) OF number INTEGER SEQUENCE SIZE(0..10) OF number INTEGER SEQUENCE SIZE(1..limit) OF number INTEGER Legg Experimental [Page 45] RFC 4912 Abstract Syntax Notation X July 2007 6.13.1. Constraint Translation The translation of a Constraint is the translation of the ConstraintSpec in the Constraint followed by the translation of the ExceptionSpec (possibly empty) in the Constraint. The translation of a ConstraintSpec is the translation of the SubtypeConstraint or GeneralConstraint in the ConstraintSpec. The translation of a SubtypeConstraint is the translation of the ElementSetSpecs in the SubtypeConstraint. The translation of a GeneralConstraint [X.682] is the translation of the UserDefinedConstraint, TableConstraint, or ContentsConstraint in the GeneralConstraint. 6.13.2. UserDefinedConstraint Translation The translation of a UserDefinedConstraint is an element item with the [local name] "constrainedBy". An element item with the [local name] "annotation" MAY be added to the [children] of the element item. The translation of each UserDefinedConstraintParameter in the UserDefinedConstraint SHALL be appended to the [children] of the element item. The translation of a UserDefinedConstraintParameter of the "Governor : Value" form is an element item with the [local name] "valueParameter". The translation of the Type in the Governor SHALL be added to the [children] or [attributes] of the element item. The translation of the Value SHALL be added to the [children] or [attributes] of the element item. The translation of a UserDefinedConstraintParameter of the "Governor : ValueSet" form is an element item with the [local name] "valueSetParameter". The translation of the Type in the Governor SHALL be added to the [children] or [attributes] of the element item. The translation of the ValueSet SHALL be added to the [children] of the element item. The translation of a UserDefinedConstraintParameter of the "Governor : Object" form is an element item with the [local name] "objectParameter". The translation of the DefinedObjectClass in the Governor SHALL be added to the [children] or [attributes] of the Legg Experimental [Page 46] RFC 4912 Abstract Syntax Notation X July 2007 element item. The translation of the Object SHALL be added to the [children] or [attributes] of the element item. The translation of a UserDefinedConstraintParameter of the "Governor : ObjectSet" form is an element item with the [local name] "objectSetParameter". The translation of the DefinedObjectClass in the Governor SHALL be added to the [children] or [attributes] of the element item. The translation of the ObjectSet SHALL be added to the [children] or [attributes] of the element item. The translation of a UserDefinedConstraintParameter that is a Type is an element item with the [local name] "typeParameter". The translation of the Type SHALL be added to the [children] or [attributes] of the element item. The translation of a UserDefinedConstraintParameter that is a DefinedObjectClass is an element item with the [local name] "classParameter". The translation of the DefinedObjectClass SHALL be added to the [children] or [attributes] of the element item. Example OCTET STRING (CONSTRAINED BY { -- contains the hash of the value -- MyType:myValue }) contains the hash of the value 6.13.3. TableConstraint Translation The translation of a TableConstraint that is a SimpleTableConstraint is an element item with the [local name] "table". The translation of the ObjectSet in the SimpleTableConstraint SHALL be added to the [children] or [attributes] of the element item. The translation of a TableConstraint that is a ComponentRelationConstraint is an element item with the [local name] "table". The translation of the DefinedObjectSet in the Legg Experimental [Page 47] RFC 4912 Abstract Syntax Notation X July 2007 ComponentRelationConstraint SHALL be added to the [children] or [attributes] of the
element item. The translation of each AtNotation in the ComponentRelationConstraint SHALL be appended to the [children] of the
element item. The translation of an AtNotation is an element item with the [local name] "restrictBy". The [children] property of the element item is set to the sequence of character items for the character string formed by the concatenation of zero, one, or more "../" strings, one for each Level in the AtNotation (including the empty one), followed by a solidus ('/', U+002F) separated list of qualified names for the expanded names of the NamedType instances [RXEREI] identified by the identifiers in the ComponentIdList in the AtNotation. If a NamedType is subject to an ATTRIBUTE or ATTRIBUTE-REF encoding instruction, or subject to a COMPONENT-REF encoding instruction that references a top-level NamedType that is subject to an ATTRIBUTE encoding instruction, then the qualified name for the expanded name is prefixed with the commercial at character ('@', U+0040). Leading and/or trailing white space character items MAY be added to the [children] of the element item. White space character items MAY be added immediately before and/or after any character item for the solidus character ('/', U+002F). Examples ERROR.&Type({Errors}{@severity,@...errorId})
severity../../../errorId
 SEQUENCE { id-att [RXER:NAME AS "ID"] [RXER:ATTRIBUTE] TYPE-IDENTIFIER.&id({AllTypes}), value TYPE-IDENTIFIER.&Type({AllTypes}{@id-att}) } Legg Experimental [Page 48] RFC 4912 Abstract Syntax Notation X July 2007
@ID
 The element item is required to be self-contained [RXER]. Aside: An element item is self-contained if all namespace prefixes used by the element item and its contents are declared within the element item. 6.13.4. ContentsConstraint Translation The translation of a ContentsConstraint is an element item with the [local name] "contents". If the ContentsConstraint is of the "CONTAINING Type" form, then an element item with the [local name] "containing" SHALL be added to the [children] of the element item. The translation of the Type SHALL be added to the [children] or [attributes] of the element item. If the ContentsConstraint is of the "ENCODED BY Value" form, then an element item with the [local name] "encodedBy" SHALL be added to the [children] of the element item. The translation of the Value SHALL be added to the [children] or [attributes] of the element item. Legg Experimental [Page 49] RFC 4912 Abstract Syntax Notation X July 2007 If the ContentsConstraint is of the "CONTAINING Type ENCODED BY Value" form, then an element item with the [local name] "containing" and an element item with the [local name] "encodedBy" SHALL be added to the [children] of the element item. The translation of the Type SHALL be added to the [children] or [attributes] of the element item. The translation of the Value SHALL be added to the [children] or [attributes] of the element item. Example OCTET STRING (CONTAINING MyType ENCODED BY { joint-iso-itu-t asn1(1) basic-encoding(1) }) 6.13.5. ExceptionSpec Translation The translation of an empty ExceptionSpec is empty. The translation of a non-empty ExceptionSpec is an element item with the [local name] "exception". If the ExceptionIdentification in a non-empty ExceptionSpec is a SignedNumber, then the translation of a notional INTEGER Type SHALL be added to the [children] or [attributes] of the element item, and the translation of a notional Value of the INTEGER type with the SignedNumber as its IntegerValue SHALL be added to the [children] or [attributes] of the element item. If the ExceptionIdentification in a non-empty ExceptionSpec is a DefinedValue, then the translation of a notional INTEGER Type SHALL be added to the [children] or [attributes] of the element item, and the translation of the DefinedValue SHALL be added to the [children] or [attributes] of the element item. Legg Experimental [Page 50] RFC 4912 Abstract Syntax Notation X July 2007 If the ExceptionIdentification in a non-empty ExceptionSpec is of the "Type : Value" form, then the translation of the Type SHALL be added to the [children] or [attributes] of the element item, and the translation of the Value SHALL be added to the [children] or [attributes] of the element item. Examples !10 !myValue !PrintableString:"failure" 7. Translation of Values A Value in an ASN.1 specification is a mix of literal values (e.g., numbers and character strings) and notations for referencing defined values. Likewise, the ASN.X translation of a Value is a mix of markup for literal values and markup for referencing notations (notational values). A Value is categorized by the following definitions. Definition (literal value): A Value is a literal value if and only if it is not a notational value. Definition (notational value): A Value is a notational value if and only if: (1) the Value is a BuiltinValue, and (a) the BuiltinValue is a TaggedValue and the Value in the TaggedValue is a notational value, or (b) the BuiltinValue is a SequenceValue or SetValue with a ComponentValueList that contains a NamedValue where the Value in the NamedValue is a notational value and the translation of the corresponding NamedType (from the governing type of the outer Value) is not an or element item, or Legg Experimental [Page 51] RFC 4912 Abstract Syntax Notation X July 2007 (c) the BuiltinValue is a ChoiceValue where the Value of the ChoiceValue is a notational value and the translation of the NamedType corresponding to the identifier in the ChoiceValue is not an or element item, or (d) the BuiltinValue is a SequenceOfValue or SetOfValue with a NamedValueList that contains a NamedValue where the Value of the NamedValue is a notational value and the translation of the corresponding NamedType (from the governing type of the outer Value) is not an or element item, or (2) the Value is a ReferencedValue, and (a) the ReferencedValue is a ValueFromObject, or (b) the ReferencedValue is a DefinedValue, and (i) the DefinedValue is a valuereference (not a DummyReference) or an ExternalValueReference, or (ii) the DefinedValue is a DummyReference or ParameterizedValue and the substitute definition for the DummyReference or ParameterizedValue (see Section 13) is a notational value, or (iii) the DefinedValue is a DummyReference or ParameterizedValue where the translation of the DummyReference or ParameterizedValue will use a fully expanded reference (see Section 13), or (3) the Value is an ObjectClassFieldValue, and (a) the ObjectClassFieldValue is an OpenTypeFieldVal, or (b) the ObjectClassFieldValue is a FixedTypeFieldVal, and (i) the FixedTypeFieldVal is a BuiltinValue that satisfies case (1), or (ii) the FixedTypeFieldVal is a ReferencedValue that satisfies case (2). A literal value that is a BuiltinValue that is a SequenceValue, SetValue, ChoiceValue, SequenceOfValue, or SetOfValue MAY be translated as a notational value. Legg Experimental [Page 52] RFC 4912 Abstract Syntax Notation X July 2007 Definition (directly nested): A notational value is directly nested (within a literal value) if the innermost enclosing Value is a literal value. 7.1. Translation of Literal Values The translation of a literal value is either the attribute form translation of a literal value, or the element form translation of a literal value. The attribute form translation of a literal value is an attribute item with the [local name] "literalValue". The [normalized value] of this attribute item is the RXER character data translation [RXER] of the literal value. The attribute form translation of a literal value SHALL NOT be used if: (1) the RXER Infoset translation of the literal value is not a character data translation [RXER] or is a character data translation that contains qualified names [XMLNS10][XMLNS11], or (2) attribute form translations of Value have been explicitly disallowed in the context where the literal value appears, or (3) the literal value has a nested notational value. The element form translation of a literal value is an element item with the [local name] "literalValue". The [children] and [attributes] of the element item are set to the RXER Infoset translation of the literal value, except that a value of the EXTERNAL type (or a subtype thereof) is translated according to the associated type defined in Clause 34.5 of X.680 [X.680]. In addition, where the [children] and [attributes] of an element item in the translation correspond to a directly nested notational value, the translation specified in Section 7.2 MUST be used for the [children] and [attributes] of that element item, and an attribute item with the [local name] "literal", [namespace name] "urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:asnx", and [normalized value] "false" or "0" (i.e., asnx:literal="false") MUST be added to the [attributes] of that element item. Each outermost element item is required to be self-contained [RXER]. Aside: An element item is self-contained if all namespace prefixes used by the element item and its contents are declared within the element item. Legg Experimental [Page 53] RFC 4912 Abstract Syntax Notation X July 2007 Aside: A element item nested within another element item is not required to be self-contained. An attribute item with the [local name] "literal", [namespace name] "urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:asnx" and [normalized value] "true" or "1" (i.e., asnx:literal="true") MAY be added to the [attributes] of the element item and/or any nested element item with content and attributes that correspond to a literal value. Aside: The asnx:literal attribute operates as a switch that indicates whether the content and other attributes of the element containing the attribute are interpreted as ASN.X notation (a notational value) or as an RXER encoding (a literal value). Example zero INTEGER ::= 0 OR 0 From the perspective of an ASN.X module as the RXER encoding of an ASN.1 value (an abstract value of the ModuleDefinition type in Appendix A), the type of the element is the unconstrained Markup type [RXER], not the governing type of the Value according to the ASN.1 specification. This means that the Infoset representation of the element must be preserved in re-encodings of the ASN.X module. Similarly, the type of the literalValue attribute is a UTF8String, not the governing type of the Value according to the ASN.1 specification. This means that the exact characters of the [normalized value] of the attribute must be preserved in re-encodings of the ASN.X module. 7.2. Translation of Notational Values The translation of a notational value is the translation of the BuiltinValue, ReferencedValue, or ObjectClassFieldValue in the notational value. The translation of a ReferencedValue is the translation of the DefinedValue or ValueFromObject in the ReferencedValue. Legg Experimental [Page 54] RFC 4912 Abstract Syntax Notation X July 2007 The translation for each of these cases is described as creating an element item with the [local name] "value", which is appropriate for a notational value that stands on its own. However, a notational value may also be directly nested within a literal value, in which case the [local name] will be determined according to RXER and the governing ASN.1 type of the enclosing literal value. Aside: In the latter case, the element item will also have a literal attribute item with the [normalized value] "false" or "0". A notational value that is not directly nested within a literal value MAY instead have the [local name] "literalValue" provided an attribute item with the [local name] "literal", [namespace name] "urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:asnx", and [normalized value] "false" or "0" is added to the [attributes] of the element item. Examples nothing INTEGER ::= zero OR OR integerList SEQUENCE OF number INTEGER ::= { zero, 3, 7 } 3 7 7.2.1. DefinedValue Translation If a DefinedValue is a valuereference (not a DummyReference) or an ExternalValueReference, then the translation of the DefinedValue is either the attribute form translation of a value reference, or the element form translation of a value reference. The attribute form translation of a value reference is an attribute item with the [local name] "value". The [normalized value] of this attribute item is a qualified name for the expanded name of the referenced value definition (see Section 5.1). The attribute form translation SHALL NOT be used if this expanded name is not distinct with respect to the current module and the modules referenced by its element items (see Section 5.1). The element form translation of a value reference is an element item with the [local name] "value". An element item with the [local name] "annotation" MAY be added to the [children] of the element item. An attribute item with the [local name] "ref" SHALL be added to the [attributes] of the element item. The [normalized value] of this attribute item is a qualified name for the expanded name of the referenced value definition. If this expanded name is not distinct with respect to the current module and the modules referenced by its element items, then an attribute item with the [local name] "context" SHALL be added to the [attributes] of the element item; otherwise, if the module containing the referenced value definition has a schema identity URI, then an attribute item with the [local name] "context" MAY be added to the [attributes] of the element item. The [normalized value] of this attribute item is the schema identity URI of the module containing the value definition referenced by the DefinedValue. Aside: If a reference name is not distinct, then the module containing the referenced definition must have a schema identity URI (see Section 5.1). Usually the translator is free to choose either an attribute form or element form translation for a DefinedValue; however, in some contexts attribute forms of Value are explicitly disallowed. In Legg Experimental [Page 56] RFC 4912 Abstract Syntax Notation X July 2007 particular, the attribute form translation SHALL NOT be used for a DefinedValue in a ReferencedValue in a Value that is directly nested in a literal value. If a DefinedValue is a DummyReference or ParameterizedValue, then the translation of the DefinedValue is the translation of that DummyReference or ParameterizedValue (see Section 13). 7.2.2. BuiltinValue Translation The translation of a BuiltinValue is the translation of the ChoiceValue, SequenceValue, SetValue, SequenceOfValue, SetOfValue, or TaggedValue in the BuiltinValue. Aside: There are other possibilities for a BuiltinValue, but these will all be literal values. This section applies to a BuiltinValue that is a notational value. The translation of a TaggedValue is the translation of the Value in the TaggedValue (which is necessarily a notational value). The translation of a ChoiceValue is an element item with the [local name] "value". An element item with the [local name] "annotation" MAY be added to the [children] of the element item. An element item with the same [local name] (i.e., "attribute", "element", "component", "group", or "member") as the translation of the NamedType corresponding to the identifier in the ChoiceValue SHALL be appended to the [children] of the element item. An attribute item with the [local name] "name" SHALL be added to the [attributes] of the , , , , or element item. The [normalized value] of this attribute item is a qualified name for the expanded name of the NamedType. The translation of the Value in the ChoiceValue SHALL be added to the [children] or [attributes] of the , , , , or element item. The translation of a SequenceValue or SetValue is an element item with the [local name] "value". An element item with the [local name] "annotation" MAY be added to the [children] of the element item. If the SequenceValue or SetValue has a ComponentValueList, then the translation of each NamedValue nested in the ComponentValueList SHALL be appended to the [children] of the element item in the order in which their corresponding NamedType instances appear in the definition of the governing type. Legg Experimental [Page 57] RFC 4912 Abstract Syntax Notation X July 2007 The translation of a SequenceOfValue or SetOfValue is an element item with the [local name] "value". An element item with the [local name] "annotation" MAY be added to the [children] of the element item. If the SequenceOfValue or SetOfValue has a NamedValueList, then the translation of each NamedValue nested in the NamedValueList SHALL be appended to the [children] of the element item. If the SequenceOfValue or SetOfValue has a ValueList, then an element item with the same [local name] (i.e., "element" or "component") as the element item in the [children] of the or element item in the translation of the governing type SHALL be appended to the [children] of the element item for each Value nested in the ValueList. An attribute item with the [local name] "name" and [normalized value] "item" SHALL be added to the [attributes] of the or element item. The translation of the Value (from the ValueList) SHALL be added to the [children] or [attributes] of the or element item. The translation of a NamedValue is an element item with the same [local name] as the translation of the corresponding NamedType, i.e., "attribute", "element", "component", "group", "item", or "simpleContent". An attribute item with the [local name] "name" SHALL be added to the [attributes] of the element item. The [normalized value] of this attribute item is a qualified name for the expanded name of the NamedType. The translation of the Value in the NamedValue SHALL be added to the [children] or [attributes] of the element item. Examples -- This is the governing type. MyType ::= SEQUENCE { one [ATTRIBUTE] INTEGER, two INTEGER, three [ATTRIBUTE][LIST] SEQUENCE OF number INTEGER } Legg Experimental [Page 58] RFC 4912 Abstract Syntax Notation X July 2007 myValue1 MyType ::= { one 456, two 123, three { number 123, number 456 } } -- All literal values. 123 myValue2 MyType ::= { one 456, two myObject.&number, -- only the value for component "two" is a notational value three { number 123, number 456 } } myValue3 MyType ::= { one myObject.&number, two 123, three { number 123, number myObject.&number } } Legg Experimental [Page 59] RFC 4912 Abstract Syntax Notation X July 2007 7.2.3. ValueFromObject Translation The translation of a ValueFromObject is an element item with the [local name] "value". An element item with the [local name] "annotation" MAY be added to the [children] of the element item. An element item with the [local name] "fromObjects" SHALL be appended to the [children] of the element item. The translation of the ReferencedObjects instance in the ValueFromObject SHALL be added to the [children] or [attributes] of the element item. The translation of the FieldName in the ValueFromObject SHALL be added to the [children] or [attributes] of the element item. 7.2.4. ObjectClassFieldValue Translation If an ObjectClassFieldValue is a BuiltinValue in a FixedTypeFieldVal, then the translation of the ObjectClassFieldValue is the translation of the BuiltinValue. If an ObjectClassFieldValue is a ReferencedValue in a FixedTypeFieldVal, then the translation of the ObjectClassFieldValue is the translation of the ReferencedValue. If an ObjectClassFieldValue is an OpenTypeFieldVal, then the translation of the ObjectClassFieldValue is an element item with the [local name] "value". An element item with the [local name] "annotation" MAY be added to the [children] of the element item. An element item with the [local name] "openTypeValue" SHALL be Legg Experimental [Page 60] RFC 4912 Abstract Syntax Notation X July 2007 appended to the [children] of the element item. The translation of the Type in the OpenTypeFieldVal SHALL be added to the [children] or [attributes] of the element item. The translation of the Value in the OpenTypeFieldVal SHALL be added to the [children] or [attributes] of the element item. Example myValue TYPE-IDENTIFIER.&Type ::= INTEGER:123 8. Translation of Value Sets The translation of a ValueSet is an element item with the [local name] "valueSet". An element item with the [local name] "annotation" MAY be added to the [children] of the element item. The translation of the ElementSetSpecs instance in the ValueSet SHALL be appended to the [children] of the element item. Example { 1 | 3..7, ..., 9..19 EXCEPT ( 11 | 12 ) } 1 Legg Experimental [Page 61] RFC 4912 Abstract Syntax Notation X July 2007 11 12 8.1. ElementSetSpecs Translation The translation of an ElementSetSpecs instance where the ellipsis ("...") is not present is the translation of the ElementSetSpec in the RootElementSetSpec. The translation of an ElementSetSpecs instance where the ellipsis ("...") is present is the translation of the ElementSetSpec in the RootElementSetSpec followed by an element item with the [local name] "extension". If an AdditionalElementSetSpec is present in the ElementSetSpecs, then the translation of the ElementSetSpec in the AdditionalElementSetSpec SHALL be added to the [children] of the element item. 8.2. ElementSetSpec Translation If an ElementSetSpec is of the "ALL Exclusions" form, then the translation of the ElementSetSpec is an element item with the [local name] "all". An element item with the [local name] "except" SHALL be added to the [children] of the element item. The translation of the Elements instance in the Exclusions SHALL be added to the [children] of the element item. If an ElementSetSpec is a Unions instance, then the translation of the ElementSetSpec is the translation of the Unions instance. If a Unions instance has only one nested Intersections instance, then the translation of the Unions instance is the translation of that Intersections instance; otherwise, the translation of the Unions instance is an element item with the [local name] "union". In the latter case, the translation of each nested Intersections instance SHALL be appended to the [children] of the element item. If an Intersections instance has only one nested IntersectionElements instance, then the translation of the Intersections instance is the translation of that IntersectionElements instance; otherwise, the translation of the Intersections instance is an element item with the [local name] "intersection". In the latter case, the translation of each nested IntersectionElements instance SHALL be appended to the [children] of the element item. Legg Experimental [Page 62] RFC 4912 Abstract Syntax Notation X July 2007 If an IntersectionElements instance is of the "Elems Exclusions" form, then the translation of the IntersectionElements instance is an element item with the [local name] "all". The translation of the Elements instance in the Elems SHALL be added to the [children] of the element item. An element item with the [local name] "except" SHALL be appended to the [children] of the element item. The translation of the Elements instance in the Exclusions SHALL be added to the [children] of the element item. If an IntersectionElements instance is an Elements instance, then the translation of the IntersectionElements instance is the translation of the Elements instance. The translation of an Elements instance is the translation of the SubtypeElements, ObjectSetElements, or ElementSetSpec in the Elements instance. 8.3. SubtypeElements Translation If a SubtypeElements instance is a SingleValue, then the translation of the SubtypeElements instance is the translation of the Value in the SingleValue, except that an attribute form of the Value translation SHALL NOT be used. If a SubtypeElements instance is a ContainedSubtype, then the translation of the SubtypeElements instance is an element item with the [local name] "includes". The translation of the Type in the ContainedSubtype SHALL be added to the [children] or [attributes] of the element item. If a SubtypeElements instance is a ValueRange, then the translation of the SubtypeElements instance is the translation of the ValueRange. If a SubtypeElements instance is a SizeConstraint, then the translation of the SubtypeElements instance is an element item with the [local name] "size". The translation of the Constraint in the SizeConstraint SHALL be added to the [children] of the element item. If a SubtypeElements instance is a TypeConstraint, then the translation of the SubtypeElements instance is an element item with the [local name] "typeConstraint". The translation of the Type in the TypeConstraint SHALL be added to the [children] or [attributes] of the element item. Legg Experimental [Page 63] RFC 4912 Abstract Syntax Notation X July 2007 If a SubtypeElements instance is a PermittedAlphabet, then the translation of the SubtypeElements instance is an element item with the [local name] "from". The translation of the Constraint in the PermittedAlphabet SHALL be added to the [children] of the element item. If a SubtypeElements instance is an InnerTypeConstraints instance, then the translation of the SubtypeElements instance is the translation of the InnerTypeConstraints instance. If a SubtypeElements instance is a PatternConstraint, then the translation of the SubtypeElements instance is an element item with the [local name] "pattern". The translation of the Value in the PatternConstraint SHALL be added to the [children] or [attributes] of the element item. 8.3.1. ValueRange Translation The translation of a ValueRange is an element item with the [local name] "range". If the LowerEndpoint in the ValueRange is of the "LowerEndValue <" form, then an element item with the [local name] "minExclusive" SHALL be added to the [children] of the element item. If the LowerEndValue is a Value, then the translation of the Value SHALL be added to the [children] or [attributes] of the element item. If the LowerEndpoint in the ValueRange is of the "LowerEndValue" form and the LowerEndValue is a Value, then an element item with the [local name] "minInclusive" SHALL be added to the [children] of the element item. The translation of the Value in the LowerEndValue SHALL be added to the [children] or [attributes] of the element item. If the LowerEndpoint in the ValueRange is of the "LowerEndValue" form and the LowerEndValue is "MIN", then an element item with the [local name] "minInclusive" MAY be added to the [children] of the element item. If the UpperEndpoint in the ValueRange is of the "< UpperEndValue" form, then an element item with the [local name] "maxExclusive" SHALL be added to the [children] of the element item. If the UpperEndValue is a Value, then the translation of the Value SHALL be added to the [children] or [attributes] of the element item. Legg Experimental [Page 64] RFC 4912 Abstract Syntax Notation X July 2007 If the UpperEndpoint in the ValueRange is of the "UpperEndValue" form and the UpperEndValue is a Value, then an element item with the [local name] "maxInclusive" SHALL be added to the [children] of the element item. The translation of the Value in the UpperEndValue SHALL be added to the [children] or [attributes] of the element item. If the UpperEndpoint in the ValueRange is of the "UpperEndValue" form and the UpperEndValue is "MAX", then an element item with the [local name] "maxInclusive" MAY be added to the [children] of the element item. Examples 1..10 0..MAX 0<.. 8.3.2. InnerTypeConstraints Translation The translation of an InnerTypeConstraints instance that has a SingleTypeConstraint is an element item with the [local name] "withComponent". The translation of the Constraint in the SingleTypeConstraint SHALL be added to the [children] of the element item. The translation of an InnerTypeConstraints instance that has a MultipleTypeConstraints instance is an element item with the [local name] "withComponents". If the MultipleTypeConstraints instance is a PartialSpecification, then an attribute item with the [local name] "partial" and the [normalized value] "true" or "1" SHALL be added to the [attributes] of the element item. Legg Experimental [Page 65] RFC 4912 Abstract Syntax Notation X July 2007 If the MultipleTypeConstraints instance is a FullSpecification, then an attribute item with the [local name] "partial" and the [normalized value] "false" or "0" MAY be added to the [attributes] of the element item. The translation of each NamedConstraint nested in the TypeConstraints instance in the FullSpecification or PartialSpecification SHALL be appended to the [children] of the element item. The translation of a NamedConstraint is an element item with the same [local name] (i.e., "attribute", "element", "component", "group", "member", or "simpleContent") as the translation of the NamedType corresponding to the identifier in the NamedConstraint. An attribute item with the [local name] "name" SHALL be added to the [attributes] of the , , , , , or element item. The [normalized value] of this attribute item is a qualified name for the expanded name of the NamedType corresponding to the identifier in the NamedConstraint. If the PresenceConstraint in the ComponentConstraint in the NamedConstraint is not empty, then an attribute item with the [local name] "use" SHALL be added to the [attributes] of the , , , , , or element item. The [normalized value] of this attribute item is the text of the PresenceConstraint with all letters downcased, i.e., either "present", "absent", or "optional". If the ValueConstraint in the ComponentConstraint in the NamedConstraint is not empty, then the translation of the Constraint in the ValueConstraint SHALL be added to the [children] of the , , , , , or element item. 9. Translation of Object Classes The translation of an ObjectClass is the translation of the DefinedObjectClass, ObjectClassDefn, or ParameterizedObjectClass in the ObjectClass. The translation of a ParameterizedObjectClass is described in Section 13. 9.1. DefinedObjectClass Translation If a DefinedObjectClass is an objectclassreference (not a DummyReference), an ExternalObjectClassReference, or a UsefulObjectClassReference, then the translation of the Legg Experimental [Page 66] RFC 4912 Abstract Syntax Notation X July 2007 DefinedObjectClass is either the attribute form translation of an object class reference, or the element form translation of an object class reference. The attribute form translation of an object class reference is an attribute item with the [local name] "class". The [normalized value] of this attribute item is a qualified name for the expanded name of the referenced object class definition (see Section 5.1). In the case of a UsefulObjectClassReference, the namespace name of the expanded name is "urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:asnx", and the local name is either "TYPE-IDENTIFIER" or "ABSTRACT-SYNTAX", as the case may be. The attribute form translation SHALL NOT be used if the expanded name is not distinct with respect to the current module and the modules referenced by its element items (see Section 5.1). Otherwise, the translator is free to choose either the attribute form or element form translation for an object class reference. The element form translation of an object class reference is an element item with the [local name] "class". An element item with the [local name] "annotation" MAY be added to the [children] of the element item. An attribute item with the [local name] "ref" SHALL be added to the [attributes] of the element item. The [normalized value] of this attribute item is a qualified name for the expanded name of the referenced object class definition. In the case of a UsefulObjectClassReference, the namespace name of the expanded name is "urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:asnx" and the local name is either "TYPE-IDENTIFIER" or "ABSTRACT-SYNTAX", as the case may be. If the expanded name is not distinct with respect to the current module and the modules referenced by its element items, then an attribute item with the [local name] "context" SHALL be added to the [attributes] of the element item; otherwise, if the module containing the referenced object class definition has a schema identity URI, then an attribute item with the [local name] "context" MAY be added to the [attributes] of the element item. The [normalized value] of this attribute item is the schema identity URI of the module containing the referenced object class definition. Aside: If a reference name is not distinct, then the module containing the referenced definition must have a schema identity URI (see Section 5.1). The translation of the DefinedObjectClass is the same whether the object class definition is referenced by an objectclassreference or an ExternalObjectClassReference. If a DefinedObjectClass is a DummyReference, then the translation of the DefinedObjectClass is the translation of the DummyReference (see Section 13). Legg Experimental [Page 67] RFC 4912 Abstract Syntax Notation X July 2007 9.2. ObjectClassDefn Translation The translation of an ObjectClassDefn is an element item with the [local name] "class". An element item with the [local name] "annotation" MAY be added to the [children] of the element item. The translation of each FieldSpec in the ObjectClassDefn SHALL be appended to the [children] of the element item. The translation of a FieldSpec is the translation of the TypeFieldSpec, FixedTypeValueFieldSpec, VariableTypeValueFieldSpec, FixedTypeValueSetFieldSpec, VariableTypeValueSetFieldSpec, ObjectFieldSpec, or ObjectSetFieldSpec in the FieldSpec. 9.2.1. TypeFieldSpec Translation The translation of a TypeFieldSpec where the TypeOptionalitySpec is absent is an element item with the [local name] "typeField". The translation of a TypeFieldSpec with a TypeOptionalitySpec of the "OPTIONAL" form is an element item with the [local name] "optional". An element item with the [local name] "typeField" SHALL be added to the [children] of the element item. The translation of a TypeFieldSpec with a TypeOptionalitySpec of the "DEFAULT Type" form is an element item with the [local name] "optional". An element item with the [local name] "typeField" SHALL be added to the [children] of the element item. An element item with the [local name] "default" SHALL be appended to the [children] of the element item. The translation of the Type in the TypeOptionalitySpec SHALL be added to the [children] or [attributes] of the element item. An attribute item with the [local name] "name" SHALL be added to the [attributes] of the element item. The [normalized value] of this attribute item is the typefieldreference in the TypeFieldSpec, without the ampersand character ('&', U+0026). An element item with the [local name] "annotation" MAY be added to the [children] of the element item. Example CLASS { &One, &Two OPTIONAL, &Three DEFAULT OBJECT IDENTIFIER } Legg Experimental [Page 68] RFC 4912 Abstract Syntax Notation X July 2007 9.2.2. FixedTypeValueFieldSpec Translation The translation of a FixedTypeValueFieldSpec where the ValueOptionalitySpec is absent is an element item with the [local name] "valueField". The translation of a FixedTypeValueFieldSpec with a ValueOptionalitySpec of the "OPTIONAL" form is an element item with the [local name] "optional". An element item with the [local name] "valueField" SHALL be added to the [children] of the element item. The translation of a FixedTypeValueFieldSpec with a ValueOptionalitySpec of the "DEFAULT Value" form is an element item with the [local name] "optional". An element item with the [local name] "valueField" SHALL be added to the [children] of the element item. An element item with the [local name] "default" SHALL be appended to the [children] of the element item. The translation of the Value in the ValueOptionalitySpec SHALL be added to the [children] or [attributes] of the element item. An attribute item with the [local name] "name" SHALL be added to the [attributes] of the element item. The [normalized value] of this attribute item is the valuefieldreference in the FixedTypeValueFieldSpec, without the ampersand character ('&', U+0026). If the "UNIQUE" keyword is present, then an attribute item with the [local name] "unique" and [normalized value] "true" or "1" SHALL be added to the [attributes] of the element item; otherwise, an attribute item with the [local name] "unique" and [normalized value] "false" or "0" MAY be added to the [attributes] of the element item. An element item with the [local name] "annotation" MAY be added to the [children] of the element item. The translation of the Type in the FixedTypeValueFieldSpec SHALL be added to the [children] or [attributes] of the element item. Legg Experimental [Page 69] RFC 4912 Abstract Syntax Notation X July 2007 Example CLASS { &one OBJECT IDENTIFIER UNIQUE, &two BOOLEAN OPTIONAL, &three INTEGER DEFAULT 0 } 9.2.3. FixedTypeValueSetFieldSpec Translation The translation of a FixedTypeValueSetFieldSpec where the ValueSetOptionalitySpec is absent is an element item with the [local name] "valueSetField". The translation of a FixedTypeValueSetFieldSpec with a ValueSetOptionalitySpec of the "OPTIONAL" form is an element item with the [local name] "optional". An element item with the [local name] "valueSetField" SHALL be added to the [children] of the element item. The translation of a FixedTypeValueSetFieldSpec with a ValueSetOptionalitySpec of the "DEFAULT ValueSet" form is an element item with the [local name] "optional". An element item with the [local name] "valueSetField" SHALL be added to the [children] of the element item. An element item with the [local name] "default" SHALL be appended to the [children] of the element item. The translation of the ValueSet in the ValueSetOptionalitySpec SHALL be added to the [children] of the element item. An attribute item with the [local name] "name" SHALL be added to the [attributes] of the element item. The [normalized value] of this attribute item is the valuesetfieldreference in the FixedTypeValueSetFieldSpec, without the ampersand character ('&', U+0026). An element item with the [local name] "annotation" MAY be added to the [children] of the Legg Experimental [Page 70] RFC 4912 Abstract Syntax Notation X July 2007 element item. The translation of the Type in the FixedTypeValueSetFieldSpec SHALL be added to the [children] or [attributes] of the element item. Example CLASS { &One UTF8String, &Two BOOLEAN OPTIONAL, &Three INTEGER DEFAULT { 1 | 2 } } 1 2 9.2.4. VariableTypeValueFieldSpec Translation The translation of a VariableTypeValueFieldSpec where the ValueOptionalitySpec is absent is an element item with the [local name] "valueField". The translation of a VariableTypeValueFieldSpec with a ValueOptionalitySpec of the "OPTIONAL" form is an element item with the [local name] "optional". An element item with the [local name] "valueField" SHALL be added to the [children] of the element item. The translation of a VariableTypeValueFieldSpec with a ValueOptionalitySpec of the "DEFAULT Value" form is an element item with the [local name] "optional". An element item with the [local name] "valueField" SHALL be added to the [children] of the element item. An element item with the [local name] "default" SHALL be appended to the [children] of the Legg Experimental [Page 71] RFC 4912 Abstract Syntax Notation X July 2007 element item. The translation of the Value in the ValueOptionalitySpec SHALL be added to the [children] or [attributes] of the element item. An attribute item with the [local name] "name" SHALL be added to the [attributes] of the element item. The [normalized value] of this attribute item is the valuefieldreference in the VariableTypeValueFieldSpec, without the ampersand character ('&', U+0026). An element item with the [local name] "annotation" MAY be added to the [children] of the element item. An element item with the [local name] "typeFromField" SHALL be appended to the [children] of the element item. The translation of the FieldName in the VariableTypeValueFieldSpec SHALL be added to the [children] or [attributes] of the element item. Example CLASS { &Syntax DEFAULT INTEGER, &one &Syntax, &two &Syntax OPTIONAL, &three &Syntax DEFAULT 0 } Legg Experimental [Page 72] RFC 4912 Abstract Syntax Notation X July 2007 9.2.5. VariableTypeValueSetFieldSpec Translation The translation of a VariableTypeValueSetFieldSpec where the ValueSetOptionalitySpec is absent is an element item with the [local name] "valueSetField". The translation of a VariableTypeValueSetFieldSpec with a ValueSetOptionalitySpec of the "OPTIONAL" form is an element item with the [local name] "optional". An element item with the [local name] "valueSetField" SHALL be added to the [children] of the element item. The translation of a VariableTypeValueSetFieldSpec with a ValueSetOptionalitySpec of the "DEFAULT ValueSet" form is an element item with the [local name] "optional". An element item with the [local name] "valueSetField" SHALL be added to the [children] of the element item. An element item with the [local name] "default" SHALL be appended to the [children] of the element item. The translation of the ValueSet in the ValueSetOptionalitySpec SHALL be added to the [children] of the element item. An attribute item with the [local name] "name" SHALL be added to the [attributes] of the element item. The [normalized value] of this attribute item is the valuesetfieldreference in the VariableTypeValueSetFieldSpec, without the ampersand character ('&', U+0026). An element item with the [local name] "annotation" MAY be added to the [children] of the element item. An element item with the [local name] "typeFromField" SHALL be appended to the [children] of the element item. The translation of the FieldName in the VariableTypeValueSetFieldSpec SHALL be added to the [children] or [attributes] of the element item. Example CLASS { &Syntax DEFAULT INTEGER, &One &Syntax, &Two &Syntax OPTIONAL, &Three &Syntax DEFAULT { 1 | 2 } } Legg Experimental [Page 73] RFC 4912 Abstract Syntax Notation X July 2007 1 2 9.2.6. FieldName Translation The translation of a FieldName is either, at the translator's option, an attribute item with the [local name] "fieldName" added to the [attributes] of the enclosing element item, or an element item with the [local name] "fieldName" appended to the [children] of the enclosing element item. The [normalized value] of the fieldName attribute item is a solidus ('/', U+002F) separated list of the PrimitiveFieldName instances in the FieldName, without the ampersand characters ('&', U+0026). Leading and/or trailing white space characters MAY be added to the [normalized value] of the attribute item. White space characters MAY be added immediately before and/or after any solidus character ('/', U+002F) in the [normalized value]. The [children] property of the element item is set to the sequence of character items for a solidus ('/', U+002F) separated list of the PrimitiveFieldName instances in the FieldName, without the ampersand characters ('&', U+0026). Leading and/or trailing white space character items MAY be added to the [children] of the element item. White space character items MAY be added immediately before and/or after any character item for the solidus character ('/', U+002F). Legg Experimental [Page 74] RFC 4912 Abstract Syntax Notation X July 2007 Example &Linked.&ArgumentType Linked/ArgumentType 9.2.7. ObjectFieldSpec Translation The translation of an ObjectFieldSpec where the ObjectOptionalitySpec is absent is an element item with the [local name] "objectField". The translation of an ObjectFieldSpec with an ObjectOptionalitySpec of the "OPTIONAL" form is an element item with the [local name] "optional". An element item with the [local name] "objectField" SHALL be added to the [children] of the element item. The translation of an ObjectFieldSpec with an ObjectOptionalitySpec of the "DEFAULT Object" form is an element item with the [local name] "optional". An element item with the [local name] "objectField" SHALL be added to the [children] of the element item. An element item with the [local name] "default" SHALL be appended to the [children] of the element item. The translation of the Object in the ObjectOptionalitySpec SHALL be added to the [children] or [attributes] of the element item. An attribute item with the [local name] "name" SHALL be added to the [attributes] of the element item. The [normalized value] of this attribute item is the objectfieldreference in the ObjectFieldSpec, without the ampersand character ('&', U+0026). An element item with the [local name] "annotation" MAY be added to the [children] of the element item. The translation of the DefinedObjectClass in the ObjectFieldSpec SHALL be added to the [children] or [attributes] of the element item. Example CLASS { &one TYPE-IDENTIFIER, &two ABSTRACT-SYNTAX OPTIONAL, &three TYPE-IDENTIFIER DEFAULT myObject } Legg Experimental [Page 75] RFC 4912 Abstract Syntax Notation X July 2007 9.2.8. ObjectSetFieldSpec Translation The translation of an ObjectSetFieldSpec where the ObjectSetOptionalitySpec is absent is an element item with the [local name] "objectSetField". The translation of an ObjectSetFieldSpec with an ObjectSetOptionalitySpec of the "OPTIONAL" form is an element item with the [local name] "optional". An element item with the [local name] "objectSetField" SHALL be added to the [children] of the element item. The translation of an ObjectSetFieldSpec with an ObjectSetOptionalitySpec of the "DEFAULT ObjectSet" form is an element item with the [local name] "optional". An element item with the [local name] "objectSetField" SHALL be added to the [children] of the element item. An element item with the [local name] "default" SHALL be appended to the [children] of the element item. The translation of the ObjectSet in the ObjectSetOptionalitySpec SHALL be added to the [children] or [attributes] of the element item. An attribute item with the [local name] "name" SHALL be added to the [attributes] of the element item. The [normalized value] of this attribute item is the objectsetfieldreference in the ObjectSetFieldSpec, without the ampersand character ('&', U+0026). An element item with the [local name] "annotation" MAY be added to the [children] of the element item. The translation of the DefinedObjectClass in the ObjectSetFieldSpec SHALL be added to the [children] or [attributes] of the element item. Legg Experimental [Page 76] RFC 4912 Abstract Syntax Notation X July 2007 Example CLASS { &One TYPE-IDENTIFIER, &Two ABSTRACT-SYNTAX OPTIONAL, &Three TYPE-IDENTIFIER DEFAULT { myObject } } 10. Translation of Objects The translation of an Object is the translation of the DefinedObject, ObjectDefn, ObjectFromObject, or ParameterizedObject in the Object. The translation of a ParameterizedObject is described in Section 13. 10.1. DefinedObject Translation If a DefinedObject is an objectreference (not a DummyReference) or an ExternalObjectReference, then the translation of the DefinedObject is either the attribute form translation of an object reference, or the element form translation of an object reference. The attribute form translation of an object reference is an attribute item with the [local name] "object". The [normalized value] of this attribute item is a qualified name for the expanded name of the referenced object definition (see Section 5.1). The attribute form translation SHALL NOT be used if this expanded name is not distinct with respect to the current module and the modules referenced by its element items (see Section 5.1). The element form translation of an object reference is an element item with the [local name] "object". An element item with the [local name] "annotation" MAY be added to the [children] of the Legg Experimental [Page 77] RFC 4912 Abstract Syntax Notation X July 2007 element item. An attribute item with the [local name] "ref" SHALL be added to the [attributes] of the element item. The [normalized value] of this attribute item is a qualified name for the expanded name of the referenced object definition. If this expanded name is not distinct with respect to the current module and the modules referenced by its element items, then an attribute item with the [local name] "context" SHALL be added to the [attributes] of the element item; otherwise, if the module containing the referenced object definition has a schema identity URI, then an attribute item with the [local name] "context" MAY be added to the [attributes] of the element item. The [normalized value] of this attribute item is the schema identity URI of the module containing the referenced object definition. Aside: If a reference name is not distinct, then the module containing the referenced definition must have a schema identity URI (see Section 5.1). The translation of the DefinedObject is the same whether the object definition is referenced by an objectreference or an ExternalObjectReference. Usually the translator is free to choose either the attribute form or element form translation for an object reference; however, in some contexts the attribute form is explicitly disallowed. If a DefinedObject is a DummyReference, then the translation of the DefinedObject is the translation of the DummyReference (see Section 13). 10.2. ObjectDefn Translation An ObjectDefn that is a DefinedSyntax is first converted to the equivalent DefaultSyntax and then translated. The translation of an ObjectDefn is an element item with the [local name] "object". An element item with the [local name] "annotation" MAY be added to the [children] of the element item. The translation of each FieldSetting in the DefaultSyntax in the ObjectClassDefn SHALL be appended to the [children] of the element item. The translation of a FieldSetting is an element item with the [local name] "field". An attribute item with the [local name] "name" SHALL be added to the [attributes] of the element item. The [normalized value] of this attribute item is the PrimitiveFieldName in the FieldSetting, without the ampersand character ('&', U+0026). The translation of the Type, Value, ValueSet, Object, or ObjectSet in Legg Experimental [Page 78] RFC 4912 Abstract Syntax Notation X July 2007 the Setting in the FieldSetting SHALL be added to the [children] or [attributes] of the element item. Example -- This is the governing object class. ONE-OF-EVERYTHING ::= CLASS { &One, &two INTEGER, &Three INTEGER, &four TYPE-IDENTIFIER, &Five TYPE-IDENTIFIER } mixedBag ONE-OF-EVERYTHING ::= { &One BOOLEAN, &two 99, &Three { 1 | 2 }, &four myObject, &Five { myObject } } 1 2 Legg Experimental [Page 79] RFC 4912 Abstract Syntax Notation X July 2007 10.3. ObjectFromObject Translation The translation of an ObjectFromObject is an element item with the [local name] "object". An element item with the [local name] "annotation" MAY be added to the [children] of the element item. An element item with the [local name] "fromObjects" SHALL be appended to the [children] of the element item. The translation of the ReferencedObjects instance in the ObjectFromObject SHALL be added to the [children] or [attributes] of the element item. The translation of the FieldName in the ObjectFromObject SHALL be added to the [children] or [attributes] of the element item. 11. Translation of Object Sets If an ObjectSet matches the form "{ DefinedObjectSet }" (i.e., a DefinedObjectSet in an ObjectSetElements instance in an Elements instance in a lone IntersectionElements instance in a lone Intersections instance in a Unions instance in an ElementSetSpec in a RootElementSetSpec in an ObjectSetSpec without an AdditionalElementSetSpec), then the translator MAY use the translation of the DefinedObjectSet as the translation of the ObjectSet; otherwise, the translation of an ObjectSet is an element item with the [local name] "objectSet". An element item with the [local name] "annotation" MAY be added to the [children] of the element item. The translation of the ObjectSetSpec in the ObjectSet SHALL be appended to the [children] of the element item. Aside: An ObjectSet that is directly a DefinedObjectSet is a notational capability that does not exist in ASN.1, but is allowed in ASN.X to avoid excessive nesting of element items in the expansion of parameterized definitions. If an ObjectSetSpec contains only a RootElementSetSpec, then the translation of the ObjectSetSpec is the translation of the ElementSetSpec in the RootElementSetSpec. Legg Experimental [Page 80] RFC 4912 Abstract Syntax Notation X July 2007 If an ObjectSetSpec contains a RootElementSetSpec and an ellipsis ("..."), then the translation of the ObjectSetSpec is the translation of the ElementSetSpec in the RootElementSetSpec followed by an element item with the [local name] "extension". If an AdditionalElementSetSpec is present, then the translation of the ElementSetSpec in the AdditionalElementSetSpec SHALL be added to the [children] of the element item. If an ObjectSetSpec does not contain a RootElementSetSpec, then the translation of the ObjectSetSpec is an element item with the [local name] "extension". If an AdditionalElementSetSpec is present, then the translation of the ElementSetSpec in the AdditionalElementSetSpec SHALL be added to the [children] of the element item. Nested within the ElementSetSpec will be one or more ObjectSetElements instances. 11.1. DefinedObjectSet Translation If a DefinedObjectSet is an objectsetreference (not a DummyReference) or an ExternalObjectSetReference, then the translation of the DefinedObjectSet is either the attribute form translation of an object set reference, or the element form translation of an object set reference. The attribute form translation of an object set reference is an attribute item with the [local name] "objectSet". The [normalized value] of this attribute item is a qualified name for the expanded name of the referenced object set definition (see Section 5.1). The attribute form translation SHALL NOT be used if this expanded name is not distinct with respect to the current module and the modules referenced by its element items (see Section 5.1). The element form translation of an object set reference is an element item with the [local name] "objectSet". An element item with the [local name] "annotation" MAY be added to the [children] of the element item. An attribute item with the [local name] "ref" SHALL be added to the [attributes] of the element item. The [normalized value] of this attribute item is a qualified name for the expanded name of the referenced object set definition. If this expanded name is not distinct with respect to the current module and the modules referenced by its element items, then an attribute item with the [local name] "context" SHALL be added to the [attributes] of the element item; otherwise, if the module containing the referenced object set definition has a schema identity URI, then an attribute item with the [local name] "context" Legg Experimental [Page 81] RFC 4912 Abstract Syntax Notation X July 2007 MAY be added to the [attributes] of the element item. The [normalized value] of this attribute item is the schema identity URI of the module containing the referenced object set definition. Aside: If a reference name is not distinct, then the module containing the referenced definition must have a schema identity URI (see Section 5.1). The translation of the DefinedObjectSet is the same whether the object definition is referenced by an objectsetreference or an ExternalObjectSetReference. Usually the translator is free to choose either the attribute form or element form translation for an object set reference; however, in some contexts the attribute form is explicitly disallowed. If a DefinedObjectSet is a DummyReference, then the translation of the DefinedObjectSet is the translation of the DummyReference (see Section 13). 11.2. ObjectSetElements Translation If an ObjectSetElements instance is an Object, then the translation of the ObjectSetElements instance is the translation of the Object, except that the attribute form of the DefinedObject translation SHALL NOT be used if the Object is a DefinedObject. If an ObjectSetElements instance is a DefinedObjectSet, then the translation of the ObjectSetElements instance is the translation of the DefinedObjectSet, except that the attribute form of the DefinedObjectSet translation SHALL NOT be used. If an ObjectSetElements instance is an ObjectSetFromObjects, then the translation of the ObjectSetElements instance is the translation of the ObjectSetFromObjects. If an ObjectSetElements instance is a ParameterizedObjectSet, then the translation of the ObjectSetElements instance is the translation of the ParameterizedObjectSet (see Section 13). Aside: The in-line expansion of a ParameterizedObjectSet results in an ObjectSet. An ObjectSetElements instance that is an ObjectSet is a notational capability that does not exist in ASN.1, but is allowed in ASN.X to avoid the need to manufacture a reference name for the expanded parameterized definition. Legg Experimental [Page 82] RFC 4912 Abstract Syntax Notation X July 2007 11.2.1. ObjectSetFromObjects Translation The translation of an ObjectSetFromObjects instance is an element item with the [local name] "objectSet". An element item with the [local name] "annotation" MAY be added to the [children] of the element item. An element item with the [local name] "fromObjects" SHALL be appended to the [children] of the element item. The translation of the ReferencedObjects instance in the ObjectSetFromObjects SHALL be added to the [children] or [attributes] of the element item. The translation of the FieldName in the ObjectSetFromObjects SHALL be added to the [children] or [attributes] of the element item. 12. Translation of Information From Objects If a ReferencedObjects instance is a DefinedObject (not a DummyReference), then the translation of the ReferencedObjects instance is the translation of the DefinedObject. If a ReferencedObjects instance is a DefinedObjectSet (not a DummyReference), then the translation of the ReferencedObjects instance is the translation of the DefinedObjectSet. If a ReferencedObjects instance is a DummyReference, ParameterizedObject, or ParameterizedObjectSet, then the translation of the ReferencedObjects instance is the translation of that DummyReference, ParameterizedObject, or ParameterizedObjectSet (see Section 13). Aside: The in-line expansion of a ParameterizedObject or ParameterizedObjectSet results in an Object or ObjectSet, respectively. A ReferencedObjects instance that is an Object or ObjectSet is a notational capability that does not exist in ASN.1, but is allowed in ASN.X to avoid the need to manufacture a reference name for an expanded parameterized definition. 13. Translation of Parameterized Definitions The translation of an ASN.1 specification into ASN.X replaces any DummyReference [X.683] or reference to a parameterized definition [X.683] with the definition expanded in-line (except for a special case involving recursive parameterized types). For example, a ParameterizedObject is replaced by the Object on the right-hand side of the referenced ParameterizedObjectAssignment. Legg Experimental [Page 83] RFC 4912 Abstract Syntax Notation X July 2007 The definition that substitutes for a DummyReference or parameterized reference (e.g., the Object that substitutes for a ParameterizedObject) potentially comes from a different module from the reference. Expanding a DummyReference or parameterized reference in-line puts the substitute definition into the context of the module containing the reference, which could therefore alter the interpretation of the substitute definition. A type definition is potentially dependent on the TagDefault and ExtensionDefault of the module in which it appears, and may also be affected by encoding instructions in an XML Encoding Rules (XER) [X.693] encoding control section [X.693-1]. Other kinds of definitions are not dependent on the module context; however, type definitions can be nested within the other kinds of definitions, so a change of context can still be significant. Aside: Type definitions are not dependent on their module's RXER or Generic String Encoding Rules (GSER) [GSER] encoding control section [RXEREI][GSEREI] (as they are currently defined), so the presence of an encoding control section for RXER or GSER is not significant in a change of context. The remainder of this section describes how and when a change of context is indicated in the ASN.X translation of a DummyReference or parameterized reference. In any instance of use, the module containing the DummyReference or parameterized reference is the referencing module, and the module providing the substitute definition is the referenced module. The referenced and referencing modules may be the same module. In the case of a ParameterizedType, the substitute definition is the Type on the right-hand side of the referenced ParameterizedTypeAssignment. In the case of a ParameterizedValueSetType, the substitute definition is the constrained type on the right-hand side of the notional ParameterizedTypeAssignment equivalent to the referenced ParameterizedValueSetTypeAssignment (see Clause 15.8 of X.680 [X.680]). In the case of a ParameterizedValue, the substitute definition is the Value on the right-hand side of the referenced ParameterizedValueAssignment. In the case of a ParameterizedObjectClass, the substitute definition is the ObjectClass on the right-hand side of the referenced ParameterizedObjectClassAssignment. Legg Experimental [Page 84] RFC 4912 Abstract Syntax Notation X July 2007 In the case of a ParameterizedObject, the substitute definition is the Object on the right-hand side of the referenced ParameterizedObjectAssignment. In the case of a ParameterizedObjectSet, the substitute definition is the ObjectSet on the right-hand side of the referenced ParameterizedObjectSetAssignment. If the ActualParameter corresponding to a DummyReference is not a ValueSet, then the substitute definition for that DummyReference is the Type, Value, DefinedObjectClass, Object, or ObjectSet in the ActualParameter. If the ActualParameter corresponding to a DummyReference is a ValueSet, then the substitute definition for that DummyReference is the notional constrained type equivalent to the ValueSet; the ElementSetSpecs of the ValueSet contributes to the constraint of the constrained type, and the governor of the Parameter corresponding to the ActualParameter is used as the parent type that is constrained. Definition (interchangeable): The contexts of the referencing and referenced modules are interchangeable with respect to interpreting the substitute definition if: (1) the referenced module is the referencing module and does not contain an XER encoding control section, or (2) the referenced module and referencing module have the same TagDefault (where an absent TagDefault is taken to be equivalent to "EXPLICIT TAGS"), the referenced module and referencing module have the same ExtensionDefault, and neither module has an XER encoding control section. Aside: A module with an XER encoding control section is not considered to have a context interchangeable with another module, including itself, because the typereference by which a substitute type definition is identified may appear in a TargetList in the XER encoding control section of the referenced module, and because the in-line expansion of a substitute definition may cause its text to come within the scope of a TargetList in the XER encoding control section of the referencing module that would not apply otherwise. Definition (recursively contained): A ParameterizedType is recursively contained if its translation will be nested within the translation (i.e., in-line expansion) of another ParameterizedType to Legg Experimental [Page 85] RFC 4912 Abstract Syntax Notation X July 2007 which it is equivalent. A ParameterizedValueSetType is recursively contained if its translation will be nested within the translation of another ParameterizedValueSetType to which it is equivalent. Aside: ASN.1 does not permit the other kinds of parameterized reference to be recursive. The translation of a DummyReference, a ParameterizedType that is not recursively contained, a ParameterizedValue, a ParameterizedValueSetType that is not recursively contained, a ParameterizedObjectClass, a ParameterizedObject, or a ParameterizedObjectSet is either: (a) the translation of the substitute definition, or (b) an element item with the [local name] "type" if the substitute definition is a Type, "value" if the substitute definition is a Value, "class" if the substitute definition is an ObjectClass or DefinedObjectClass, "object" if the substitute definition is an Object, or "objectSet" if the substitute definition is an ObjectSet. A fully expanded reference (described shortly) SHALL be added to the [children] of the element item. The translation in case (b) is always allowed and provides information to identify the referenced module and the referenced definition. The translation in case (a) MAY be used instead if and only if the contexts of the referencing and referenced modules are interchangeable, or the contexts of the referencing and referenced modules are not interchangeable, but the difference between them does not affect how the substitute definition is interpreted. Aside: There are many ways in which the substitute definition can be unaffected by a difference between the contexts of the referencing and referenced modules. One example would be where the referencing and referenced modules differ only in their TagDefault, but the substitute definition does not contain any TaggedType notation. Note that if the translation in case (a) is used, then the referencing module is still the referencing module when considering a nested in-line expansion. If the translation in case (b) is used, then the referenced module becomes the referencing module when considering a nested in-line expansion. Legg Experimental [Page 86] RFC 4912 Abstract Syntax Notation X July 2007 If case (a) is used for the translation of a DummyReference where the substitute definition is a Type, then an attribute form translation of the substitute definition SHALL NOT be used, and an attribute item with the [local name] "explicit" and [normalized value] "true" or "1" SHALL be added to the [attributes] of the element item resulting from the translation of the substitute definition. Where the automatic tagging transformation applies [X.680], this attribute item indicates that explicit tagging applies to the type instead of the usual implicit tagging. If case (b) is used for the translation of a DummyReference where the substitute definition is a Type, then an attribute item with the [local name] "explicit" and [normalized value] "true" or "1" SHALL be added to the [attributes] of the element item generated by case (b). A fully expanded reference is an element item with the [local name] "expanded". Except in the case of a DummyReference, the reference name is indicated by an attribute item with the [local name] "name" added to the [attributes] of the element item. In the case of a ParameterizedType or ParameterizedValueSetType, the [normalized value] of this attribute item is the typereference of the ParameterizedType or ParameterizedValueSetType. In the case of a ParameterizedValue, the [normalized value] of this attribute item is the valuereference of the ParameterizedValue. In the case of a ParameterizedObjectClass, the [normalized value] of this attribute item is the objectclassreference of the ParameterizedObjectClass. In the case of a ParameterizedObject, the [normalized value] of this attribute item is the objectreference of the ParameterizedObject. In the case of a ParameterizedObjectSet, the [normalized value] of this attribute item is the objectsetreference of the ParameterizedObjectSet. The "name" attribute item MAY be omitted if: (1) the conditions permitting the use of the translation in case (a) are satisfied, or (2) the reference is not a typereference, or Legg Experimental [Page 87] RFC 4912 Abstract Syntax Notation X July 2007 (3) the reference is a typereference that does not appear in any TargetList in an XER encoding control section of the referenced module. The "name" attribute SHALL NOT appear in the translation of a DummyReference. The referenced module is indicated by an element item with the [local name] "module" added to the [children] of the element item. The element item MAY be omitted if the conditions permitting the use of the translation in case (a) are satisfied, or if the referencing module is the referenced module. When the element item is present: (1) An attribute item with the [local name] "name" SHOULD be added to the [attributes] of the element item. The [normalized value] of this attribute item is the modulereference in the ModuleIdentifier in the ModuleDefinition of the referenced module. (2) If the DefinitiveIdentifier in the ModuleIdentifier in the ModuleDefinition of the referenced module is not empty, then an attribute item with the [local name] "identifier" SHALL be added to the [attributes] of the element item. The [normalized value] of this attribute item is the RXER character data translation of the DefinitiveIdentifier. (3) If the referenced module has a schema identity URI, then an attribute item with the [local name] "schemaIdentity" SHALL be added to the [attributes] of the element item. The [normalized value] of this attribute item is the schema identity URI of the referenced module. The [attributes] of the element item MUST contain at least one of the attribute items specified in cases (1), (2), and (3). The translation of the substitute definition SHALL be added to the [children] or [attributes] of the element item. Legg Experimental [Page 88] RFC 4912 Abstract Syntax Notation X July 2007 Example Consider these module definitions: Templates DEFINITIONS AUTOMATIC TAGS ::= BEGIN CollectionOfThings { Thing } ::= SEQUENCE OF thing Thing -- the Thing on the right-hand side of the assignment is -- a DummyReference END ProtocolDefinitions DEFINITIONS AUTOMATIC TAGS ::= BEGIN IMPORTS CollectionOfThings{} FROM Templates ; CollectionOfIntegers ::= CollectionOfThings { INTEGER } -- the right-hand side of the assignment is -- a ParameterizedType END Without using the translation in case (a), the translations of these modules are: Legg Experimental [Page 89] RFC 4912 Abstract Syntax Notation X July 2007 The translation of the Templates module is empty because the module contains only a parameterized assignment. Since the contexts of the Templates and ProtocolDefinitions modules are interchangeable, a simpler translation of the ProtocolDefinitions module is permitted: If a ParameterizedType or ParameterizedValueSetType is recursively contained, then its translation is an element item with the [local name] "type". An attribute item with the [local name] "ancestor" SHALL be added to the [attributes] of the element item. The [normalized value] of this attribute item is the decimal digit string representing the integer value of one plus the number of intermediate enclosing element items between the element items resulting from the translations of the two equivalent instances of ParameterizedType or ParameterizedValueSetType. An element item with the [local name] "annotation" MAY be added to the [children] of the element item. Legg Experimental [Page 90] RFC 4912 Abstract Syntax Notation X July 2007 A element item with an ancestor attribute item is a reference to an ancestor element item. This form for a element item SHOULD NOT be used in original specifications written in ASN.X. Aside: The form is only intended for the purpose of handling recursive parameterized type definitions in an ASN.1 specification being translated into ASN.X. Such definitions are self-referencing, but have no obvious name. It is also not easy to construct a suitable name from the surrounding context because recursive parameterized types can be embedded in other constructs, such as information objects, that are themselves unnamed. Example Consider these type definitions, assumed to be defined in a module that does not have an XER encoding control section: Tree { ValueType } ::= SEQUENCE { value [0] ValueType, left-subtree [1] Tree { ValueType } OPTIONAL, right-subtree [2] Tree { ValueType } OPTIONAL } NumberTree ::= [APPLICATION 13] Tree { INTEGER } The assignment for "Tree" is not directly translated because it is a ParameterizedAssignment. The translation for the "NumberTree" assignment, up to but not yet including the Type in the TaggedType, is as follows: The Type in the TaggedType is a ParameterizedType. Since the ParameterizedType is not recursively contained, the translation of the ParameterizedType (using the translation in case (a) above) is the translation of the Type on the right-hand side of the referenced ParameterizedTypeAssignment, namely this type: SEQUENCE { value [0] ValueType, left-subtree [1] Tree { ValueType } OPTIONAL, right-subtree [2] Tree { ValueType } OPTIONAL } Legg Experimental [Page 91] RFC 4912 Abstract Syntax Notation X July 2007 ValueType is a DummyReference. The translation of the actual parameter substitutes for the DummyReference. In this case, the actual parameter is the INTEGER type. The translation for the SEQUENCE type, up to the first component, is added to the element: The Type in the TaggedType for the second component is a ParameterizedType. Since this ParameterizedType is recursively contained, its translation is a element with the ancestor attribute. The value of the ancestor attribute is "2" because there is one intermediate element (for a TaggedType). Put another way, the translations of the equivalent instances of ParameterizedType are two steps apart. The translation of the third component of the SEQUENCE type follows the same pattern as the second component. The completed translation is as follows: Legg Experimental [Page 92] RFC 4912 Abstract Syntax Notation X July 2007 14. EncodingControlSections Translation If an EncodingControlSections instance contains at least one EncodingControlSection with an encodingreference that is not RXER, then the translation of the EncodingControlSections instance is an element item with the [local name] "encodingControls". The translation of each EncodingControlSection with an encodingreference that is not RXER SHALL be appended to the [children] of the element item. Aside: This is not suggesting that RXER encoding control sections are ignored. Encoding control sections for RXER are not explicitly represented in ASN.X, but rather affect how an ASN.1 module is translated into an ASN.X module. The effect of an RXER encoding control section on the translation is addressed in other parts of this specification. Encoding control sections for other encoding rules will have explicit representations in ASN.X. Legg Experimental [Page 93] RFC 4912 Abstract Syntax Notation X July 2007 If the encodingreference in an EncodingControlSection is GSER, then the translation of the EncodingControlSection is an element item with the [local name] "GSER". The translation of the EncodingInstructionAssignmentList in the EncodingControlSection SHALL be added to the [children] of the element item. The EncodingInstructionAssignmentList notation is different for each set of encoding instructions. The translation into ASN.X of an EncodingInstructionAssignmentList for GSER is specified in a separate document [GSEREIT]. Aside: The translation of an EncodingInstructionAssignmentList for GSER, as it is currently defined, is always empty. If the encodingreference in an EncodingControlSection is XER, then the translation of the EncodingControlSection is an element item with the [local name] "XER". The translation of the EncodingInstructionAssignmentList in the EncodingControlSection SHALL be added to the [children] of the element item. The translation into ASN.X of an EncodingInstructionAssignmentList for XER is specified in a separate document [XEREIT]. 15. Security Considerations The ASN.X translation of an ASN.1 specification is semantically equivalent to the original ASN.1 specification. The security considerations that apply to an application built from the original ASN.1 specification apply equally to an application built from the ASN.X translation. Syntax-based canonicalization for XML documents (e.g., Canonical XML [CXML]) depends on the Infoset of an XML document being preserved. However, the Infoset representation of an ASN.X module potentially changes if it is decoded and re-encoded (though its ASN.1 value is preserved), disrupting the Canonical XML representation. To avoid this problem, ASN.X modules MUST be normalized prior to the application of syntax-based canonicalization. The normalization rules can be found in Section 6.13 of the specification for RXER [RXER]. 16. Acknowledgements The technology described in this document is the product of a research project begun jointly by Adacel Technologies Limited and Deakin University, and subsequently refined and completed by eB2Bcom. Legg Experimental [Page 94] RFC 4912 Abstract Syntax Notation X July 2007 17. References 17.1. Normative References [BCP14] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997. [URI] Berners-Lee, T., Fielding, R. and L. Masinter, "Uniform Resource Identifiers (URI): Generic Syntax", STD 66, RFC 3986, January 2005. [GSER] Legg, S., "Generic String Encoding Rules (GSER) for ASN.1 Types", RFC 3641, October 2003. [GSEREI] Legg, S., "Encoding Instructions for the Generic String Encoding Rules (GSER)", RFC 4792, January 2007. [RXER] Legg, S. and D. Prager, "Robust XML Encoding Rules (RXER) for Abstract Syntax Notation One (ASN.1)", RFC 4910, July 2007. [RXEREI] Legg, S., "Encoding Instructions for the Robust XML Encoding Rules (RXER)", RFC 4911, July 2007. [GSEREIT] Legg, S., "Abstract Syntax Notation X (ASN.X) Representation of Encoding Instructions for the Generic String Encoding Rules (GSER)", RFC 4913, July 2007. [XEREIT] Legg, S., "Abstract Syntax Notation X (ASN.X) Representation of Encoding Instructions for the XML Encoding Rules (XER)", RFC 4914, July 2007. [X.680] ITU-T Recommendation X.680 (07/02) | ISO/IEC 8824-1, Information technology - Abstract Syntax Notation One (ASN.1): Specification of basic notation. [X.680-1] ITU-T Recommendation X.680 (2002) Amendment 1 (10/03) | ISO/IEC 8824-1:2002/Amd 1:2004, Support for EXTENDED-XER. [X.681] ITU-T Recommendation X.681 (07/02) | ISO/IEC 8824-2, Information technology - Abstract Syntax Notation One (ASN.1): Information object specification. Legg Experimental [Page 95] RFC 4912 Abstract Syntax Notation X July 2007 [X.682] ITU-T Recommendation X.682 (07/02) | ISO/IEC 8824-3, Information technology - Abstract Syntax Notation One (ASN.1): Constraint specification. [X.683] ITU-T Recommendation X.683 (07/02) | ISO/IEC 8824-4, Information technology - Abstract Syntax Notation One (ASN.1): Parameterization of ASN.1 specifications. [X.693] ITU-T Recommendation X.693 (12/01) | ISO/IEC 8825-4:2002, Information technology - ASN.1 encoding rules: XML encoding rules (XER). [X.693-1] Amendment 1: (to ITU-T Rec. X.693 | ISO/IEC 8825-4) XER encoding instructions and EXTENDED-XER. [XML10] Bray, T., Paoli, J., Sperberg-McQueen, C., Maler, E. and F. Yergeau, "Extensible Markup Language (XML) 1.0 (Fourth Edition)", W3C Recommendation, http://www.w3.org/TR/2006/REC-xml-20060816, August 2006. [XML11] Bray, T., Paoli, J., Sperberg-McQueen, C., Maler, E., Yergeau, F., and J. Cowan, "Extensible Markup Language (XML) 1.1 (Second Edition)", W3C Recommendation, http://www.w3.org/TR/2006/REC-xml11-20060816, August 2006. [XMLNS10] Bray, T., Hollander, D., Layman, A., and R. Tobin, "Namespaces in XML 1.0 (Second Edition)", W3C Recommendation, http://www.w3.org/TR/2006/REC-xml-names-20060816, August 2006. [XMLNS11] Bray, T., Hollander, D., Layman, A. and R. Tobin, "Namespaces in XML 1.1 (Second Edition)", W3C Recommendation, http://www.w3.org/TR/2006/REC-xml-names11-20060816, August 2006. [INFOSET] Cowan, J. and R. Tobin, "XML Information Set (Second Edition)", W3C Recommendation, http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-xml-infoset-20040204, February 2004. [UNICODE] The Unicode Consortium, "The Unicode Standard, Version 4.0", Boston, MA, Addison-Wesley Developers Press, 2003. ISBN 0-321-18578-1. Legg Experimental [Page 96] RFC 4912 Abstract Syntax Notation X July 2007 17.2. Informative References [CXML] Boyer, J., "Canonical XML Version 1.0", W3C Recommendation, http://www.w3.org/TR/2001/REC-xml-c14n-20010315, March 2001. [XSD1] Thompson, H., Beech, D., Maloney, M. and N. Mendelsohn, "XML Schema Part 1: Structures Second Edition", W3C Recommendation, http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-xmlschema-1-20041028/, October 2004. [RNG] Clark, J. and M. Makoto, "RELAX NG Tutorial", OASIS Committee Specification, http://www.oasis-open.org/ committees/relax-ng/tutorial-20011203.html, December 2001. Legg Experimental [Page 97] RFC 4912 Abstract Syntax Notation X July 2007 Appendix A. ASN.1 for ASN.X This appendix is normative. AbstractSyntaxNotation-X { iso(1) identified-organization(3) dod(6) internet(1) private(4) enterprise(1) xmled(21472) asnx(1) module(0) notation(1) } -- Copyright (C) The IETF Trust (2007). This version of -- this ASN.1 module is part of RFC 4912; see the RFC itself -- for full legal notices. -- -- Regarding this ASN.1 module or any portion of it, the author -- makes no guarantees and is not responsible for any damage -- resulting from its use. The author grants irrevocable permission -- to anyone to use, modify, and distribute it in any way that does -- not diminish the rights of anyone else to use, modify, and -- distribute it, provided that redistributed derivative works do -- not contain misleading author or version information. -- Derivative works need not be licensed under similar terms. DEFINITIONS RXER INSTRUCTIONS AUTOMATIC TAGS EXTENSIBILITY IMPLIED ::= BEGIN IMPORTS Markup, AnyURI, NCName, Name, QName FROM AdditionalBasicDefinitions { iso(1) identified-organization(3) dod(6) internet(1) private(4) enterprise(1) xmled(21472) asnx(1) module(0) basic(0) } GSER-EncodingInstruction, GSER-EncodingInstructionAssignmentList FROM GSER-EncodingInstructionNotation { iso(1) identified-organization(3) dod(6) internet(1) private(4) enterprise(1) xmled(21472) asnx(1) module(0) gser-ei-notation(2) } XER-EncodingInstruction, XER-EncodingInstructionAssignmentList FROM XER-EncodingInstructionNotation { iso(1) identified-organization(3) dod(6) internet(1) private(4) enterprise(1) Legg Experimental [Page 98] RFC 4912 Abstract Syntax Notation X July 2007 xmled(21472) asnx(1) module(0) xer-ei-notation(3) } ; ModuleDefinition ::= [HOLLOW-INSERTIONS] SEQUENCE { annotation Annotation OPTIONAL, format [ATTRIBUTE] [VERSION-INDICATOR] UTF8String ("1.0", ...) DEFAULT "1.0", name [ATTRIBUTE] ModuleReference, identifier [ATTRIBUTE] DefinitiveIdentifier OPTIONAL, schemaIdentity [ATTRIBUTE] AnyURI OPTIONAL, targetNamespace [ATTRIBUTE] AnyURI OPTIONAL, targetPrefix [ATTRIBUTE] NCName OPTIONAL, tagDefault [ATTRIBUTE] TagDefault DEFAULT automatic, extensibilityImplied [ATTRIBUTE] BOOLEAN DEFAULT FALSE, export SEQUENCE { } OPTIONAL, -- export is not used in this version imports [GROUP] ImportList OPTIONAL, assignments [GROUP] AssignmentList OPTIONAL, encodingControls EncodingControlSections OPTIONAL } ModuleReference ::= TypeReference DefinitiveIdentifier ::= OBJECT IDENTIFIER TagDefault ::= ENUMERATED { explicit, implicit, automatic } Annotation ::= Markup ImportList ::= SEQUENCE SIZE (1..MAX) OF import Import Import ::= SEQUENCE { name [ATTRIBUTE] ModuleReference OPTIONAL, identifier [ATTRIBUTE] DefinitiveIdentifier OPTIONAL, schemaIdentity [ATTRIBUTE] AnyURI OPTIONAL, namespace [ATTRIBUTE] AnyURI OPTIONAL, schemaLocation [ATTRIBUTE] AnyURI OPTIONAL } AssignmentList ::= SEQUENCE SIZE (1..MAX) OF assignment [GROUP] Assignment Assignment ::= [NO-INSERTIONS] CHOICE { namedType TypeAssignment, namedValue ValueAssignment, namedValueSet ValueSetTypeAssignment, namedClass ObjectClassAssignment, namedObject ObjectAssignment, Legg Experimental [Page 99] RFC 4912 Abstract Syntax Notation X July 2007 namedObjectSet ObjectSetAssignment, component [GROUP] TopLevelNamedType } TypeAssignment ::= SEQUENCE { annotation Annotation OPTIONAL, name [ATTRIBUTE] TypeReference, type [GROUP] Type } TypeReference ::= UTF8String (PATTERN "[A-Z]\w*(-\w+)*") -- \w is equivalent to [a-zA-Z0-9] ValueAssignment ::= SEQUENCE { annotation Annotation OPTIONAL, name [ATTRIBUTE] ValueReference, type [GROUP] Type, value [GROUP] Value } ValueReference ::= Identifier Identifier ::= UTF8String (PATTERN "[a-z]\w(-\w+)*") ValueSetTypeAssignment ::= SEQUENCE { annotation Annotation OPTIONAL, name [ATTRIBUTE] TypeReference, type [GROUP] Type, valueSet [GROUP] ValueSet } ObjectClassAssignment ::= SEQUENCE { annotation Annotation OPTIONAL, name [ATTRIBUTE] ObjectClassReference, objectClass [GROUP] ObjectClass } ObjectClassReference ::= UTF8String (PATTERN "[A-Z][A-Z0-9]*(-[A-Z0-9]+)*") ObjectAssignment ::= SEQUENCE { annotation Annotation OPTIONAL, name [ATTRIBUTE] ObjectReference, objectClass [GROUP] DefinedObjectClass, object [GROUP] Object } ObjectReference ::= ValueReference Legg Experimental [Page 100] RFC 4912 Abstract Syntax Notation X July 2007 ObjectSetAssignment ::= SEQUENCE { annotation Annotation OPTIONAL, name [ATTRIBUTE] ObjectSetReference, objectClass [GROUP] DefinedObjectClass, objectSet [GROUP] ObjectSet } ObjectSetReference ::= TypeReference TopLevelNamedType ::= NamedType (WITH COMPONENTS { ..., component (WITH COMPONENTS { ..., definition (WITH COMPONENTS { ..., reference ABSENT }) }), element (WITH COMPONENTS { ..., definition (WITH COMPONENTS { ..., reference ABSENT }) }), attribute (WITH COMPONENTS { ..., definition (WITH COMPONENTS { ..., reference ABSENT }) }), group ABSENT, member ABSENT, item ABSENT, simpleContent ABSENT }) NamedType ::= [SINGULAR-INSERTIONS] CHOICE { component Element, element Element, attribute Attribute, group InvisibleNamedType, member InvisibleNamedType, item InvisibleNamedType, simpleContent InvisibleNamedType } Attribute ::= GenericNamedType (WITH COMPONENTS { ..., definition (WITH COMPONENTS { ..., local (WITH COMPONENTS { ..., typeAsVersion ABSENT }) }) }) Element ::= GenericNamedType (WITH COMPONENTS { ..., definition (WITH COMPONENTS { ..., local (WITH COMPONENTS { ..., versionIndicator ABSENT }) }) }) Legg Experimental [Page 101] RFC 4912 Abstract Syntax Notation X July 2007 InvisibleNamedType ::= GenericNamedType (WITH COMPONENTS { ..., definition (WITH COMPONENTS { ..., reference ABSENT, local (WITH COMPONENTS { ..., typeAsVersion ABSENT, versionIndicator ABSENT }) }) }) GenericNamedType ::= [HOLLOW-INSERTIONS] SEQUENCE { annotation Annotation OPTIONAL, identifier [ATTRIBUTE] IdentifierOrEmpty OPTIONAL, definition [GROUP] CHOICE { reference [GROUP] DefinedComponent, local [GROUP] LocalComponent } } IdentifierOrEmpty ::= UTF8String (INCLUDES Identifier | "") DefinedComponent ::= [HOLLOW-INSERTIONS] SEQUENCE { name [GROUP] [NO-INSERTIONS] CHOICE { ref [ATTRIBUTE] QName, elementType [ATTRIBUTE] Name }, namespace [ATTRIBUTE] AnyURI OPTIONAL, context [ATTRIBUTE] AnyURI OPTIONAL, embedded [ATTRIBUTE] BOOLEAN OPTIONAL, prefixes [GROUP] EncodingPrefixes OPTIONAL } (WITH COMPONENTS { ..., name (WITH COMPONENTS { ref PRESENT }), namespace ABSENT } | WITH COMPONENTS { ..., name (WITH COMPONENTS { elementType PRESENT }), embedded ABSENT }) LocalComponent ::= SEQUENCE { name [ATTRIBUTE] NCName, typeAsVersion [ATTRIBUTE] BOOLEAN OPTIONAL, versionIndicator [ATTRIBUTE] BOOLEAN OPTIONAL, type [GROUP] Type } Type ::= [NO-INSERTIONS] CHOICE { typeRef [NAME AS "type"] [ATTRIBUTE] QName, type ElementFormType } Legg Experimental [Page 102] RFC 4912 Abstract Syntax Notation X July 2007 ElementFormType ::= [HOLLOW-INSERTIONS] SEQUENCE { annotation Annotation OPTIONAL, explicit [ATTRIBUTE] BOOLEAN OPTIONAL, definition [GROUP] CHOICE { reference [GROUP] DefinedType, expanded ExpandedType, ancestor [ATTRIBUTE] INTEGER (1..MAX), namedBitList NamedBitList, namedNumberList NamedNumberList, enumerated EnumeratedType, tagged TaggedType, prefixed EncodingPrefixedType, selection SelectionType, instanceOf InstanceOfType, fromClass ObjectClassFieldType, fromObjects InformationFromObjects, sequence SequenceType, set SetType, choice ChoiceType, union UnionType, sequenceOf SequenceOfType, setOf SetOfType, list ListType, constrained ConstrainedType } } DefinedType ::= SEQUENCE { name [GROUP] [NO-INSERTIONS] CHOICE { ref [ATTRIBUTE] QName, elementType [ATTRIBUTE] Name }, context [ATTRIBUTE] AnyURI OPTIONAL, embedded [ATTRIBUTE] BOOLEAN OPTIONAL } (WITH COMPONENTS { ..., name (WITH COMPONENTS { ref PRESENT }) } | WITH COMPONENTS { ..., name (WITH COMPONENTS { elementType PRESENT }), embedded ABSENT }) ExpandedType ::= SEQUENCE { name [ATTRIBUTE] NCName OPTIONAL, module ReferencedModule OPTIONAL, type [GROUP] Type } ReferencedModule ::= SEQUENCE { Legg Experimental [Page 103] RFC 4912 Abstract Syntax Notation X July 2007 name [ATTRIBUTE] ModuleReference OPTIONAL, identifier [ATTRIBUTE] DefinitiveIdentifier OPTIONAL, schemaIdentity [ATTRIBUTE] AnyURI OPTIONAL } NamedBitList ::= SEQUENCE SIZE (1..MAX) OF namedBit NamedBit NamedBit ::= SEQUENCE { name [ATTRIBUTE] NCName, identifier [ATTRIBUTE] Identifier OPTIONAL, bit [ATTRIBUTE] INTEGER (0..MAX) } NamedNumberList ::= SEQUENCE SIZE (1..MAX) OF namedNumber NamedNumber NamedNumber ::= SEQUENCE { name [ATTRIBUTE] NCName, identifier [ATTRIBUTE] Identifier OPTIONAL, number [ATTRIBUTE] INTEGER } EnumeratedType ::= SEQUENCE { root [GROUP] Enumeration, extension SEQUENCE { exception ExceptionSpec OPTIONAL, additions [GROUP] Enumeration OPTIONAL } OPTIONAL } Enumeration ::= SEQUENCE SIZE (1..MAX) OF enumeration EnumerationItem EnumerationItem ::= SEQUENCE { name [ATTRIBUTE] NCName, identifier [ATTRIBUTE] Identifier OPTIONAL, number [ATTRIBUTE] INTEGER OPTIONAL } Tag ::= SEQUENCE { tagClass [ATTRIBUTE] TagClass OPTIONAL, number [ATTRIBUTE] INTEGER (0..MAX), tagging [ATTRIBUTE] Tagging OPTIONAL } TaggedType ::= SEQUENCE { COMPONENTS OF Tag, type [GROUP] Type Legg Experimental [Page 104] RFC 4912 Abstract Syntax Notation X July 2007 } TagClass ::= ENUMERATED { universal, application, private } Tagging ::= ENUMERATED { explicit, implicit } EncodingPrefixedType ::= [HOLLOW-INSERTIONS] SEQUENCE { prefixes [GROUP] EncodingPrefixes, type [GROUP] Type } EncodingPrefixes ::= SEQUENCE SIZE (1..MAX) OF prefix [GROUP] EncodingPrefix EncodingPrefix ::= [SINGULAR-INSERTIONS] CHOICE { tag [NAME AS "TAG"] Tag, gser [NAME AS "GSER"] GSER-EncodingInstruction, xer [NAME AS "XER"] XER-EncodingInstruction -- plus encoding instructions -- for other encoding rules in the future } SelectionType ::= SEQUENCE { alternative [GROUP] [SINGULAR-INSERTIONS] CHOICE { component [ATTRIBUTE] QName, element [ATTRIBUTE] QName, attribute [ATTRIBUTE] QName, group [ATTRIBUTE] QName, member [ATTRIBUTE] QName }, type [GROUP] Type } InstanceOfType ::= DefinedObjectClass ObjectClassFieldType ::= SEQUENCE { objectClass [GROUP] DefinedObjectClass, fieldName [GROUP] FieldName } FieldName ::= [SINGULAR-INSERTIONS] CHOICE { fieldNameAtt [NAME AS "fieldName"] [ATTRIBUTE] PrimitiveFieldNames, fieldName PrimitiveFieldNames } PrimitiveFieldNames ::= UTF8String Legg Experimental [Page 105] RFC 4912 Abstract Syntax Notation X July 2007 InformationFromObjects ::= [HOLLOW-INSERTIONS] SEQUENCE { referencedObjects [GROUP] ReferencedObjects, fieldName [GROUP] FieldName } ReferencedObjects ::= [SINGULAR-INSERTIONS] CHOICE { object [GROUP] Object, objectSet [GROUP] ObjectSet } Insertions ::= ENUMERATED { none, hollow, singular, uniform, multiform } SequenceType ::= [HOLLOW-INSERTIONS] SEQUENCE { insertions [ATTRIBUTE] Insertions OPTIONAL, root [GROUP] ComponentTypeList OPTIONAL, extensionAndFinal [GROUP] [HOLLOW-INSERTIONS] SEQUENCE { extension [HOLLOW-INSERTIONS] SEQUENCE { exception ExceptionSpec OPTIONAL, additions [GROUP] ExtensionAdditions OPTIONAL }, root [GROUP] ComponentTypeList OPTIONAL } OPTIONAL } ComponentTypeList ::= SEQUENCE SIZE (1..MAX) OF componentType [GROUP] ComponentType ComponentType ::= [NO-INSERTIONS] CHOICE { component [GROUP] SequenceNamedType, optional SEQUENCE { component [GROUP] SequenceNamedType, default Value OPTIONAL }, componentsOf Type } SequenceNamedType ::= NamedType (WITH COMPONENTS { ..., member ABSENT, item ABSENT }) ExtensionAdditions ::= SEQUENCE SIZE (1..MAX) OF addition [GROUP] ExtensionAddition ExtensionAddition ::= [NO-INSERTIONS] CHOICE { extensionGroup ExtensionAdditionGroup, componentType [GROUP] ComponentType } Legg Experimental [Page 106] RFC 4912 Abstract Syntax Notation X July 2007 ExtensionAdditionGroup ::= [HOLLOW-INSERTIONS] SEQUENCE { version [ATTRIBUTE] VersionNumber OPTIONAL, componentTypes [GROUP] ComponentTypeList } VersionNumber ::= INTEGER (2..MAX) SetType ::= SequenceType ChoiceOrUnionType ::= [HOLLOW-INSERTIONS] SEQUENCE { insertions [ATTRIBUTE] Insertions OPTIONAL, precedence [ATTRIBUTE] PrecedenceList OPTIONAL, root [GROUP] AlternativeTypeList, extension [HOLLOW-INSERTIONS] SEQUENCE { exception ExceptionSpec OPTIONAL, additions [GROUP] ExtensionAdditionAlternatives OPTIONAL } OPTIONAL } PrecedenceList ::= [LIST] SEQUENCE SIZE (1..MAX) OF member QName AlternativeTypeList ::= SEQUENCE SIZE (1..MAX) OF component [GROUP] ChoiceOrUnionNamedType ChoiceOrUnionNamedType ::= NamedType (WITH COMPONENTS { ..., item ABSENT, simpleContent ABSENT }) ExtensionAdditionAlternatives ::= SEQUENCE SIZE (1..MAX) OF addition [GROUP] ExtensionAdditionAlternative ExtensionAdditionAlternative ::= [NO-INSERTIONS] CHOICE { extensionGroup ExtensionAdditionAlternativesGroup, component [GROUP] ChoiceOrUnionNamedType } ExtensionAdditionAlternativesGroup ::= [HOLLOW-INSERTIONS] SEQUENCE { version [ATTRIBUTE] VersionNumber OPTIONAL, alternatives [GROUP] AlternativeTypeList } ChoiceType ::= ChoiceOrUnionType (WITH COMPONENTS { ..., precedence ABSENT, root (WITH COMPONENT (INCLUDES ChoiceNamedType)), extension (WITH COMPONENTS { ..., additions (WITH COMPONENT (WITH COMPONENTS { ..., extensionGroup (WITH COMPONENTS { ..., alternatives (WITH COMPONENT Legg Experimental [Page 107] RFC 4912 Abstract Syntax Notation X July 2007 (INCLUDES ChoiceNamedType)) }), component (INCLUDES ChoiceNamedType) })) }) }) ChoiceNamedType ::= ChoiceOrUnionNamedType (WITH COMPONENTS { ..., member ABSENT }) UnionType ::= ChoiceOrUnionType (WITH COMPONENTS { ..., insertions ABSENT, root (WITH COMPONENT (INCLUDES UnionNamedType)), extension (WITH COMPONENTS { ..., additions (WITH COMPONENT (WITH COMPONENTS { ..., extensionGroup (WITH COMPONENTS { ..., alternatives (WITH COMPONENT (INCLUDES UnionNamedType)) }), component (INCLUDES UnionNamedType) })) }) }) UnionNamedType ::= ChoiceOrUnionNamedType (WITH COMPONENTS { ..., component ABSENT, element ABSENT, attribute ABSENT, group ABSENT }) SequenceOfOrListType ::= SEQUENCE { minSize [ATTRIBUTE] INTEGER (0..MAX) OPTIONAL, maxSize [ATTRIBUTE] INTEGER (0..MAX) OPTIONAL, component [GROUP] NamedType (WITH COMPONENTS { ..., attribute ABSENT, member ABSENT, simpleContent ABSENT }) } SequenceOfType ::= SequenceOfOrListType (WITH COMPONENTS { ..., component (WITH COMPONENTS { ..., item ABSENT }) }) SetOfType ::= SequenceOfType ListType ::= SequenceOfOrListType (WITH COMPONENTS { ..., component (WITH COMPONENTS { ..., component ABSENT, element ABSENT, group ABSENT }) }) ConstrainedType ::= [HOLLOW-INSERTIONS] SEQUENCE { Legg Experimental [Page 108] RFC 4912 Abstract Syntax Notation X July 2007 type [GROUP] Type, constraint [GROUP] Constraint } Constraint ::= SEQUENCE { constraintSpec [GROUP] [NO-INSERTIONS] CHOICE { subtype [GROUP] ElementSetSpecs, constrainedBy UserDefinedConstraint, table TableConstraint, contents ContentsConstraint }, exception ExceptionSpec OPTIONAL } UserDefinedConstraint ::= [HOLLOW-INSERTIONS] SEQUENCE { annotation Annotation OPTIONAL, parameters [GROUP] ConstraintParameters OPTIONAL } ConstraintParameters ::= SEQUENCE SIZE (1..MAX) OF parameter [GROUP] UserDefinedConstraintParameter UserDefinedConstraintParameter ::= [SINGULAR-INSERTIONS] CHOICE { valueParameter SEQUENCE { type [GROUP] Type, value [GROUP] Value }, valueSetParameter SEQUENCE { type [GROUP] Type, valueSet [GROUP] ValueSet }, objectParameter SEQUENCE { objectClass [GROUP] DefinedObjectClass, object [GROUP] Object }, objectSetParameter SEQUENCE { objectClass [GROUP] DefinedObjectClass, objectSet [GROUP] ObjectSet }, typeParameter SEQUENCE { type [GROUP] Type }, classParameter SEQUENCE { objectClass [GROUP] DefinedObjectClass } } TableConstraint ::= SEQUENCE { Legg Experimental [Page 109] RFC 4912 Abstract Syntax Notation X July 2007 objectSet [GROUP] ObjectSet, componentRelation [GROUP] AtNotations OPTIONAL } AtNotations ::= SEQUENCE SIZE (1..MAX) OF restrictBy AtNotation AtNotation ::= Markup ContentsConstraint ::= SEQUENCE { containing Type OPTIONAL, encodedBy Value OPTIONAL } ((WITH COMPONENTS { ..., containing PRESENT }) | (WITH COMPONENTS { ..., encodedBy PRESENT })) ExceptionSpec ::= SEQUENCE { type [GROUP] Type, value [GROUP] Value } Value ::= [NO-INSERTIONS] CHOICE { literalValueAtt [NAME AS "literalValue"] [ATTRIBUTE] UTF8String, literalValue ElementFormLiteralValue, valueRef [NAME AS "value"] [ATTRIBUTE] QName, value ElementFormNotationalValue } ElementFormLiteralValue ::= Markup -- If asnx:literal="false" then the governing type of -- ElementFormLiteralValue is ElementFormNotationalValue. ElementFormNotationalValue ::= [HOLLOW-INSERTIONS] SEQUENCE { annotation Annotation OPTIONAL, definition [GROUP] [NO-INSERTIONS] CHOICE { reference [GROUP] Reference, expanded ExpandedValue, fromObjects InformationFromObjects, openTypeValue SEQUENCE { type [GROUP] Type, value [GROUP] Value }, components [GROUP] ComponentValueList } } Reference ::= SEQUENCE { ref [ATTRIBUTE] QName, context [ATTRIBUTE] AnyURI OPTIONAL Legg Experimental [Page 110] RFC 4912 Abstract Syntax Notation X July 2007 } ExpandedValue ::= SEQUENCE { name [ATTRIBUTE] NCName OPTIONAL, module ReferencedModule OPTIONAL, value [GROUP] Value } ComponentValueList ::= SEQUENCE SIZE (1..MAX) OF component [GROUP] NamedValue NamedValue ::= [SINGULAR-INSERTIONS] CHOICE { component GenericNamedValue, element GenericNamedValue, attribute GenericNamedValue, group GenericNamedValue, member GenericNamedValue, item GenericNamedValue, simpleContent GenericNamedValue } GenericNamedValue ::= SEQUENCE { name [ATTRIBUTE] QName, value [GROUP] Value } ValueSet ::= [NO-INSERTIONS] CHOICE { valueSetRef [NAME AS "valueSet"] [ATTRIBUTE] QName, -- valueSetRef is not used in this version valueSet ElementFormValueSet } ElementFormValueSet ::= [HOLLOW-INSERTIONS] SEQUENCE { annotation Annotation OPTIONAL, definition [GROUP] [NO-INSERTIONS] CHOICE { elementSetSpecs [GROUP] ElementSetSpecs } } ElementSetSpecs ::= [HOLLOW-INSERTIONS] SEQUENCE { root [GROUP] ValueElementSetSpec, extension [HOLLOW-INSERTIONS] SEQUENCE { additions [GROUP] ValueElementSetSpec OPTIONAL } OPTIONAL } ValueElementSetSpec ::= ElementSetSpec (WITH COMPONENTS { ..., Legg Experimental [Page 111] RFC 4912 Abstract Syntax Notation X July 2007 object ABSENT, objectSet ABSENT, union (WITH COMPONENT (INCLUDES ValueElementSetSpec)), intersection (WITH COMPONENT (INCLUDES ValueElementSetSpec)), all (WITH COMPONENTS { ..., elements (INCLUDES ValueElementSetSpec), except (INCLUDES ValueElementSetSpec) }) }) ElementSetSpec ::= [SINGULAR-INSERTIONS] CHOICE { literalValue ElementFormLiteralValue, value ElementFormNotationalValue, includes Type, range ValueRange, size Constraint, typeConstraint Type, from Constraint, withComponent Constraint, withComponents MultipleTypeConstraints, pattern Value, object ElementFormObject, objectSet ElementFormObjectSet, union ElementSetSpecList, intersection ElementSetSpecList, all SEQUENCE { elements [GROUP] ElementSetSpec OPTIONAL, except ElementSetSpec } } ElementSetSpecList ::= SEQUENCE SIZE (2..MAX) OF elements [GROUP] ElementSetSpec ValueRange ::= SEQUENCE { minimum [GROUP] [NO-INSERTIONS] CHOICE { minInclusive EndValue, minExclusive EndValue } DEFAULT minInclusive:{}, maximum [GROUP] [NO-INSERTIONS] CHOICE { maxInclusive EndValue, maxExclusive EndValue } DEFAULT maxInclusive:{} } EndValue ::= [HOLLOW-INSERTIONS] SEQUENCE { value [GROUP] Value OPTIONAL } MultipleTypeConstraints ::= [HOLLOW-INSERTIONS] SEQUENCE { Legg Experimental [Page 112] RFC 4912 Abstract Syntax Notation X July 2007 partial [ATTRIBUTE] BOOLEAN DEFAULT FALSE, typeConstraints [GROUP] TypeConstraints } TypeConstraints ::= SEQUENCE SIZE (1..MAX) OF namedConstraint [GROUP] NamedConstraint NamedConstraint ::= [SINGULAR-INSERTIONS] CHOICE { component GenericNamedConstraint, element GenericNamedConstraint, attribute GenericNamedConstraint, group GenericNamedConstraint, member GenericNamedConstraint, item GenericNamedConstraint, simpleContent GenericNamedConstraint } GenericNamedConstraint ::= [HOLLOW-INSERTIONS] SEQUENCE { name [ATTRIBUTE] QName, use [ATTRIBUTE] PresenceConstraint OPTIONAL, constraint [GROUP] Constraint OPTIONAL } PresenceConstraint ::= ENUMERATED { present, absent, optional } ObjectClass ::= [SINGULAR-INSERTIONS] CHOICE { classRef [NAME AS "class"] [ATTRIBUTE] QName, class ElementFormObjectClass } DefinedObjectClass ::= ObjectClass (WITH COMPONENTS { ..., class (WITH COMPONENTS { ..., definition (WITH COMPONENTS { ..., objectClassDefn ABSENT }) }) }) ElementFormObjectClass ::= [HOLLOW-INSERTIONS] SEQUENCE { annotation Annotation OPTIONAL, definition [GROUP] [NO-INSERTIONS] CHOICE { reference [GROUP] Reference, expanded ExpandedObjectClass, objectClassDefn [GROUP] ObjectClassDefn } } ExpandedObjectClass ::= SEQUENCE { name [ATTRIBUTE] NCName OPTIONAL, module ReferencedModule OPTIONAL, Legg Experimental [Page 113] RFC 4912 Abstract Syntax Notation X July 2007 objectClass [GROUP] ObjectClass } ObjectClassDefn ::= SEQUENCE SIZE (1..MAX) OF fieldSpec [GROUP] FieldSpec FieldSpec ::= [SINGULAR-INSERTIONS] CHOICE { typeField TypeField, valueField ValueField, valueSetField ValueSetField, objectField ObjectField, objectSetField ObjectSetField, optional OptionalField } OptionalField ::= SEQUENCE { field [GROUP] [SINGULAR-INSERTIONS] CHOICE { typeField TypeField, valueField ValueField, valueSetField ValueSetField, objectField ObjectField, objectSetField ObjectSetField }, default Setting OPTIONAL } (WITH COMPONENTS { ..., field (WITH COMPONENTS { typeField PRESENT }), default (WITH COMPONENTS { ..., value ABSENT, valueSet ABSENT, object ABSENT, objectSet ABSENT }) } | WITH COMPONENTS { ..., field (WITH COMPONENTS { valueField PRESENT }), default (WITH COMPONENTS { ..., type ABSENT, valueSet ABSENT, object ABSENT, objectSet ABSENT }) } | WITH COMPONENTS { ..., field (WITH COMPONENTS { valueSetField PRESENT }), default (WITH COMPONENTS { ..., type ABSENT, value ABSENT, object ABSENT, objectSet ABSENT }) } | WITH COMPONENTS { ..., field (WITH COMPONENTS { objectField PRESENT }), default (WITH COMPONENTS { ..., Legg Experimental [Page 114] RFC 4912 Abstract Syntax Notation X July 2007 type ABSENT, value ABSENT, valueSet ABSENT, objectSet ABSENT }) } | WITH COMPONENTS { ..., field (WITH COMPONENTS { objectSetField PRESENT }), default (WITH COMPONENTS { ..., type ABSENT, value ABSENT, valueSet ABSENT, object ABSENT }) }) TypeField ::= SEQUENCE { annotation Annotation OPTIONAL, name [ATTRIBUTE] TypeFieldReference } TypeFieldReference ::= TypeReference ValueField ::= SEQUENCE { annotation Annotation OPTIONAL, name [ATTRIBUTE] ValueFieldReference, unique [ATTRIBUTE] BOOLEAN OPTIONAL, governor [GROUP] [SINGULAR-INSERTIONS] CHOICE { type [GROUP] Type, typeFromField FieldName } } ((WITH COMPONENTS { ..., unique ABSENT }) | (WITH COMPONENTS { ..., governor (WITH COMPONENTS { ..., typeFromField ABSENT }) })) ValueFieldReference ::= ValueReference ValueSetField ::= SEQUENCE { annotation Annotation OPTIONAL, name [ATTRIBUTE] ValueSetFieldReference, governor [GROUP] [SINGULAR-INSERTIONS] CHOICE { type [GROUP] Type, typeFromField FieldName } } ValueSetFieldReference ::= TypeReference ObjectField ::= SEQUENCE { annotation Annotation OPTIONAL, name [ATTRIBUTE] ObjectFieldReference, objectClass [GROUP] DefinedObjectClass Legg Experimental [Page 115] RFC 4912 Abstract Syntax Notation X July 2007 } ObjectFieldReference ::= ObjectReference ObjectSetField ::= SEQUENCE { annotation Annotation OPTIONAL, name [ATTRIBUTE] ObjectSetFieldReference, objectClass [GROUP] DefinedObjectClass } ObjectSetFieldReference ::= ObjectSetReference Object ::= [NO-INSERTIONS] CHOICE { objectRef [NAME AS "object"] [ATTRIBUTE] QName, object ElementFormObject } ElementFormObject ::= [HOLLOW-INSERTIONS] SEQUENCE { annotation Annotation OPTIONAL, definition [GROUP] [SINGULAR-INSERTIONS] CHOICE { reference [GROUP] Reference, expanded ExpandedObject, fromObjects InformationFromObjects, fields [GROUP] ObjectDefn } } ExpandedObject ::= SEQUENCE { name [ATTRIBUTE] NCName OPTIONAL, module ReferencedModule OPTIONAL, object [GROUP] Object } ObjectDefn ::= SEQUENCE OF field FieldSetting FieldSetting ::= [HOLLOW-INSERTIONS] SEQUENCE { name [ATTRIBUTE] NCName, setting [GROUP] Setting } Setting ::= CHOICE { type [GROUP] Type, value [GROUP] Value, valueSet [GROUP] ValueSet, object [GROUP] Object, objectSet [GROUP] ObjectSet } Legg Experimental [Page 116] RFC 4912 Abstract Syntax Notation X July 2007 ObjectSet ::= [NO-INSERTIONS] CHOICE { objectSetRef [NAME AS "objectSet"] [ATTRIBUTE] QName, objectSet ElementFormObjectSet } ElementFormObjectSet ::= [HOLLOW-INSERTIONS] SEQUENCE { annotation Annotation OPTIONAL, definition [GROUP] [NO-INSERTIONS] CHOICE { reference [GROUP] Reference, expanded ExpandedObjectSet, objectSetSpec [GROUP] ObjectSetSpec, fromObjects InformationFromObjects } } ExpandedObjectSet ::= SEQUENCE { name [ATTRIBUTE] NCName OPTIONAL, module ReferencedModule OPTIONAL, objectSet [GROUP] ObjectSet } ObjectSetSpec ::= [HOLLOW-INSERTIONS] SEQUENCE { root [GROUP] ObjectElementSetSpec OPTIONAL, extension [HOLLOW-INSERTIONS] SEQUENCE { additions [GROUP] ObjectElementSetSpec OPTIONAL } OPTIONAL } ((WITH COMPONENTS { ..., root PRESENT }) | (WITH COMPONENTS { ..., extension PRESENT })) ObjectElementSetSpec ::= ElementSetSpec (WITH COMPONENTS { ..., literalValue ABSENT, value ABSENT, includes ABSENT, range ABSENT, size ABSENT, typeConstraint ABSENT, from ABSENT, withComponent ABSENT, withComponents ABSENT, pattern ABSENT, union (WITH COMPONENT (INCLUDES ObjectElementSetSpec)), intersection (WITH COMPONENT (INCLUDES ObjectElementSetSpec)), all (WITH COMPONENTS { ..., elements (INCLUDES ObjectElementSetSpec), except (INCLUDES ObjectElementSetSpec) }) }) EncodingControlSections ::= SEQUENCE SIZE (1..MAX) OF Legg Experimental [Page 117] RFC 4912 Abstract Syntax Notation X July 2007 section [GROUP] EncodingControlSection EncodingControlSection ::= [SINGULAR-INSERTIONS] CHOICE { gser [NAME AS "GSER"] GSER-EncodingInstructionAssignmentList, xer [NAME AS "XER"] XER-EncodingInstructionAssignmentList -- plus encoding control sections -- for other encoding rules in the future } ENCODING-CONTROL RXER SCHEMA-IDENTITY "urn:oid:1.3.6.1.4.1.21472.1.0.1" TARGET-NAMESPACE "urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:asnx" PREFIX "asnx" COMPONENT module ModuleDefinition COMPONENT literal [ATTRIBUTE] BOOLEAN END Appendix B. ASN.X for ASN.X This appendix is non-normative. Copyright (C) The IETF Trust (2007). This version of this ASN.X module is part of RFC 4912; see the RFC itself for full legal notices. Regarding this ASN.X module or any portion of it, the author makes no guarantees and is not responsible for any damage resulting from its use. The author grants irrevocable permission to anyone to use, modify, and distribute it in any way that does not diminish the rights of anyone else to use, modify, and distribute it, provided that redistributed derivative works do not contain misleading author or version information. Derivative works need not be licensed under similar terms. Legg Experimental [Page 118] RFC 4912 Abstract Syntax Notation X July 2007 1.0 Legg Experimental [Page 119] RFC 4912 Abstract Syntax Notation X July 2007 export is not used in this version Legg Experimental [Page 120] RFC 4912 Abstract Syntax Notation X July 2007 Legg Experimental [Page 121] RFC 4912 Abstract Syntax Notation X July 2007 Legg Experimental [Page 122] RFC 4912 Abstract Syntax Notation X July 2007 Legg Experimental [Page 123] RFC 4912 Abstract Syntax Notation X July 2007 Legg Experimental [Page 124] RFC 4912 Abstract Syntax Notation X July 2007 Legg Experimental [Page 125] RFC 4912 Abstract Syntax Notation X July 2007 Legg Experimental [Page 126] RFC 4912 Abstract Syntax Notation X July 2007 Legg Experimental [Page 127] RFC 4912 Abstract Syntax Notation X July 2007 Legg Experimental [Page 128] RFC 4912 Abstract Syntax Notation X July 2007 Legg Experimental [Page 129] RFC 4912 Abstract Syntax Notation X July 2007 Legg Experimental [Page 130] RFC 4912 Abstract Syntax Notation X July 2007 Legg Experimental [Page 131] RFC 4912 Abstract Syntax Notation X July 2007 Legg Experimental [Page 132] RFC 4912 Abstract Syntax Notation X July 2007 Legg Experimental [Page 133] RFC 4912 Abstract Syntax Notation X July 2007 Legg Experimental [Page 134] RFC 4912 Abstract Syntax Notation X July 2007 Legg Experimental [Page 135] RFC 4912 Abstract Syntax Notation X July 2007 Legg Experimental [Page 136] RFC 4912 Abstract Syntax Notation X July 2007 Legg Experimental [Page 137] RFC 4912 Abstract Syntax Notation X July 2007 Legg Experimental [Page 138] RFC 4912 Abstract Syntax Notation X July 2007 Legg Experimental [Page 140] RFC 4912 Abstract Syntax Notation X July 2007 Legg Experimental [Page 141] RFC 4912 Abstract Syntax Notation X July 2007 Legg Experimental [Page 142] RFC 4912 Abstract Syntax Notation X July 2007 Legg Experimental [Page 143] RFC 4912 Abstract Syntax Notation X July 2007 Legg Experimental [Page 144] RFC 4912 Abstract Syntax Notation X July 2007 Legg Experimental [Page 145] RFC 4912 Abstract Syntax Notation X July 2007 Legg Experimental [Page 146] RFC 4912 Abstract Syntax Notation X July 2007 If asnx:literal="false" then the governing type of ElementFormLiteralValue is ElementFormNotationalValue. Legg Experimental [Page 147] RFC 4912 Abstract Syntax Notation X July 2007 Legg Experimental [Page 148] RFC 4912 Abstract Syntax Notation X July 2007 valueSet attribute is not used in this version Legg Experimental [Page 149] RFC 4912 Abstract Syntax Notation X July 2007 Legg Experimental [Page 150] RFC 4912 Abstract Syntax Notation X July 2007 Legg Experimental [Page 151] RFC 4912 Abstract Syntax Notation X July 2007 Legg Experimental [Page 152] RFC 4912 Abstract Syntax Notation X July 2007 Legg Experimental [Page 153] RFC 4912 Abstract Syntax Notation X July 2007 Legg Experimental [Page 154] RFC 4912 Abstract Syntax Notation X July 2007 Legg Experimental [Page 155] RFC 4912 Abstract Syntax Notation X July 2007 Legg Experimental [Page 156] RFC 4912 Abstract Syntax Notation X July 2007 Legg Experimental [Page 157] RFC 4912 Abstract Syntax Notation X July 2007 Legg Experimental [Page 158] RFC 4912 Abstract Syntax Notation X July 2007 Legg Experimental [Page 160] RFC 4912 Abstract Syntax Notation X July 2007 Legg Experimental [Page 161] RFC 4912 Abstract Syntax Notation X July 2007 Legg Experimental [Page 162] RFC 4912 Abstract Syntax Notation X July 2007 Legg Experimental [Page 163] RFC 4912 Abstract Syntax Notation X July 2007 Author's Address Dr. Steven Legg eB2Bcom Suite 3, Woodhouse Corporate Centre 935 Station Street Box Hill North, Victoria 3129 AUSTRALIA Phone: +61 3 9896 7830 Fax: +61 3 9896 7801 EMail: steven.legg@eb2bcom.com Legg Experimental [Page 164] RFC 4912 Abstract Syntax Notation X July 2007 Full Copyright Statement Copyright (C) The IETF Trust (2007). This document is subject to the rights, licenses and restrictions contained in BCP 78, and except as set forth therein, the authors retain all their rights. This document and the information contained herein are provided on an "AS IS" basis and THE CONTRIBUTOR, THE ORGANIZATION HE/SHE REPRESENTS OR IS SPONSORED BY (IF ANY), THE INTERNET SOCIETY, THE IETF TRUST AND THE INTERNET ENGINEERING TASK FORCE DISCLAIM ALL WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO ANY WARRANTY THAT THE USE OF THE INFORMATION HEREIN WILL NOT INFRINGE ANY RIGHTS OR ANY IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. Intellectual Property The IETF takes no position regarding the validity or scope of any Intellectual Property Rights or other rights that might be claimed to pertain to the implementation or use of the technology described in this document or the extent to which any license under such rights might or might not be available; nor does it represent that it has made any independent effort to identify any such rights. Information on the procedures with respect to rights in RFC documents can be found in BCP 78 and BCP 79. Copies of IPR disclosures made to the IETF Secretariat and any assurances of licenses to be made available, or the result of an attempt made to obtain a general license or permission for the use of such proprietary rights by implementers or users of this specification can be obtained from the IETF on-line IPR repository at http://www.ietf.org/ipr. The IETF invites any interested party to bring to its attention any copyrights, patents or patent applications, or other proprietary rights that may cover technology that may be required to implement this standard. Please address the information to the IETF at ietf-ipr@ietf.org. Acknowledgement Funding for the RFC Editor function is currently provided by the Internet Society. Legg Experimental [Page 165]