Network Working Group T. Howes Request for Comments: 1960 University of Michigan Obsoletes: 1558 June 1996 Category: Standards Track A String Representation of LDAP Search Filters Status of this Memo This document specifies an Internet standards track protocol for the Internet community, and requests discussion and suggestions for improvements. Please refer to the current edition of the "Internet Official Protocol Standards" (STD 1) for the standardization state and status of this protocol. Distribution of this memo is unlimited. 1. Abstract The Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP) [1] defines a network representation of a search filter transmitted to an LDAP server. Some applications may find it useful to have a common way of representing these search filters in a human-readable form. This document defines a human-readable string format for representing LDAP search filters. 2. LDAP Search Filter Definition An LDAP search filter is defined in [1] as follows: Filter ::= CHOICE { and [0] SET OF Filter, or [1] SET OF Filter, not [2] Filter, equalityMatch [3] AttributeValueAssertion, substrings [4] SubstringFilter, greaterOrEqual [5] AttributeValueAssertion, lessOrEqual [6] AttributeValueAssertion, present [7] AttributeType, approxMatch [8] AttributeValueAssertion } SubstringFilter ::= SEQUENCE { type AttributeType, SEQUENCE OF CHOICE { initial [0] LDAPString, any [1] LDAPString, final [2] LDAPString } } Howes Standards Track [Page 1]
RFC 1960 LDAP Search Filters June 1996 AttributeValueAssertion ::= SEQUENCE { attributeType AttributeType, attributeValue AttributeValue } AttributeType ::= LDAPString AttributeValue ::= OCTET STRING LDAPString ::= OCTET STRING where the LDAPString above is limited to the IA5 character set. The AttributeType is a string representation of the attribute type name and is defined in [1]. The AttributeValue OCTET STRING has the form defined in [2]. The Filter is encoded for transmission over a network using the Basic Encoding Rules defined in [3], with simplifications described in [1]. 3. String Search Filter Definition The string representation of an LDAP search filter is defined by the following grammar. It uses a prefix format. <filter> ::= '(' <filtercomp> ')' <filtercomp> ::= <and> | <or> | <not> | <item> <and> ::= '&' <filterlist> <or> ::= '|' <filterlist> <not> ::= '!' <filter> <filterlist> ::= <filter> | <filter> <filterlist> <item> ::= <simple> | <present> | <substring> <simple> ::= <attr> <filtertype> <value> <filtertype> ::= <equal> | <approx> | <greater> | <less> <equal> ::= '=' <approx> ::= '~=' <greater> ::= '>=' <less> ::= '<=' <present> ::= <attr> '=*' <substring> ::= <attr> '=' <initial> <any> <final> <initial> ::= NULL | <value> <any> ::= '*' <starval> <starval> ::= NULL | <value> '*' <starval> <final> ::= NULL | <value> <attr> is a string representing an AttributeType, and has the format defined in [1]. <value> is a string representing an AttributeValue, or part of one, and has the form defined in [2]. If a <value> must contain one of the characters '*' or '(' or ')', these characters should be escaped by preceding them with the backslash '\' character. Howes Standards Track [Page 2]
RFC 1960 LDAP Search Filters June 1996 Note that although both the <substring> and <present> productions can produce the 'attr=*' construct, this construct is used only to denote a presence filter. 4. Examples This section gives a few examples of search filters written using this notation. (cn=Babs Jensen) (!(cn=Tim Howes)) (&(objectClass=Person)(|(sn=Jensen)(cn=Babs J*))) (o=univ*of*mich*) 5. Security Considerations Security considerations are not discussed in this memo. 6. Bibliography [1] Yeong, W., Howes, T., and S. Kille, "Lightweight Directory Access Protocol", RFC 1777, March 1995. [2] Howes, R., Kille, S., Yeong, W., and C. Robbins, "The String Representation of Standard Attribute Syntaxes", RFC 1778, March 1995. [3] Specification of Basic Encoding Rules for Abstract Syntax Notation One (ASN.1). CCITT Recommendation X.209, 1988. 7. Author's Address Tim Howes University of Michigan ITD Research Systems 535 W William St. Ann Arbor, MI 48103-4943 USA Phone: +1 313 747-4454 EMail: tim@umich.edu Howes Standards Track [Page 3]